Social facilitation theories
- Created by: Former Member
- Created on: 05-03-14 13:10
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- Social facilitation
- Arousal theory
- Zajonc- people's presence arouses us, bringing out (typically correct) dominant responses so social facilitation occurs, but these tend to be incorrect in hard tasks- social inhibition occurs
- /Michaels et al.- good pool players did better when they knew they were watched, but those below average did worse. /Zajonc- running cockroaches did better on simple runways when watched, but not on complex runways
- Doesn't acknowledge cognitive processes as important, and the Yerkes- Dodson law explains better why competent people can still do poorly before audiences
- Distraction conflict theory
- Impairs complex tasks, improves simple tasks. Applicable to any distracting stimulus
- /Sanders et al.- participants doing digit-copying in co-action made more mistakes. /studies on facilitation in animals support the theory
- Baron- others distract attention between audience and task, resulting in response conflict. Leads to negative effect, and increased arousal making dominant responses more likely
- How do we define what is distracting? Research has yet to identify distraction as the main cause of increased drive
- Evaluation apprehension theory
- There may be one cause of arousal in the presence, maybe not the only
- Cottrell- apprehension of being evaluated causes arousal- a learned response. People associate presence with evaluations of their performance. The mere presence of others isn't enough to raise arousal and following dominant responses
- Doesn't explain social facilitation in animals
- /Henchy and Glass- participants had facilitation on tasks when they knew experts were going to/ would evaluate. /in studies where the audience is blindfolded, no facilitation occurs
- Arousal theory
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