Skeletal system
- Created by: Lucy141
- Created on: 06-05-19 11:06
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- Skeletal system
- Types of bones
- Flat bones
- Sternum, ribs, cranium, pelvis
- Protect internal organs, site for muscle attachment
- Long bones
- Femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges
- Act as levers for movement, site for blood cell production
- Irreguar bones
- Protect spinal cord,
- Vertebrae,
- Short bones
- Carpals, tarsals
- Bear weight well
- Sesamoid bones
- Patella
- Ease joint movement and resist compression
- Flat bones
- Synovial joints
- Crucial in sport and exercise, allow free movement, allow range of movement
- Ligament: tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue, connects bones and stabilises
- Synovial fluid: lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity, reduces friction , nourishes articular cartilage
- Articular cartilage: smooth tissue covers surface articulating bones, absorbs show
- Joint capsule: a fibrous sac with inner synovial membrane, encloses and strengthens the joint
- Bursa: a closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones, reduces friction
- Planes of movement
- Sagittal plane: lies vertical, divides the body into left and right parts from medial to lateral
- Frontal plane: lies vertical, divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
- Transverse plane: lies horizontally, divides the body into superior and inferior parts
- Types of joints
- Hinge joint: cylindrical bone articulates with trough-shaped bone held tightly ligaments, limit sideways movement eg. elbow, knee
- Pivot joint: rounded bone articulates with ring-shaped bone restricts motion to one plane eg. radio-ulnar joint
- Gliding joint: almost flat similar-sized bones articulate with limited motion in three planes eg, spine
- Ball and socket joint: ball-shaped head articulates with a cup-shaped socket to give large range of motion in all three planes eg. hip and shoulder
- Condyloid joint: similar to ball and socket joint but flatter bone surface to allow motion in two planes eg. wrist
- Types of movement
- Flexion: movement which decreases the joint angle, usually to the front of the body
- Extension: movement which increases the joint angle usually t the back of the body
- Doris-flexion: movement at the ankle joint as the toes move up
- Plantar flexion: movement at the ankle joint as the toes move down
- Abduction: movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body
- Adduction: movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body
- Horizontal extension: movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground
- Horizontal flexion: movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground
- Rotation: movement whereby articulating bones turn about their lingitudinal axis in a screwdriver action
- Types of bones
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