Body systems and the effects of physical activity - SKELETAL SYSTEM

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Explain how bones are formed
Ossification, cartilage turns to bone
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Name the functions of the skeletal system
Protection, support, movement, produces blood cells, stores minerals
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What is the axial skeleton?
Central core of the human skeletal system, housing and protection of vital organs, consists of 80 bones
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What is the function of the axial skeleton?
support and protect vital organs, produced a lareg surface for the attachment of muscles
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Name an example of the axial skeleton
Intervertebral disc, very stong and only permits limited movement
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What is the appendicular skeleton?
Makes up the limbs of the human skeleton
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What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?
Provides movement
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Name each section of the spine
Cervical, thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
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What is the synovial membrane?
Specialised connective tissue, lines the inner surface of the capsule, makes direct contact with the synovial fluid
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What is the synovial fluid?
Lubricant, reduces the friction between the articular cartilage during movement
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What is the Meniscus?
Cushion between the bones, allows weight to be evenly distributed
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What is the articular cartilage?
Smooth white tissue, allows bones to glide over each other with minimum friction
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What is the Bursa?
Small fluid filled sac, provides cushioning between bones, tendons and muscles
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What is a fiberous joint?
Only held together by a ligament, also known as fixed because they have no movement what so ever, for example joints in the cranium
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What is a cartilaginous joint?
connection between articulating bones, example is the spine because there is limited movement
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What is the synovial joint?
Highly moveable, all have a synovial capsule that surrounds the whole joint
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Name the synovial joints
Hinge, ball and socket, pivot, saddle, gliding, condyloid
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Explain the hinge joint
Flexion, extension, found in the elbow and knee
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Explain a pivot joint
Rotational, found in the neck
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Explain the ball and socket joint
all movements possible, shoulder and hip
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Explain the saddle joint
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, found in the thumb
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Explain the gliding joint
gliding movements, found in the vertebre and intercarpel joints
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Explain the condyloid joints
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, found in the wrist joints
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What is the hyaline cartilage?
Firm but elasticated type of cartilage, provides shock absorption
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Describe long bones
provides movement and support, exampe is the femur
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Describe flat bones
provides protection for vital organs, such as the sternum protects the lungs
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Describe irregular bones
protection of nervous tissues and skeletal muscular attachment, such as the spine
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Describe short bones
provides support and stability with little movement, such as wrists
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Describe sesamoid bones
example is the knee, protect tendons
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Explain Flexion
Movement in the saggital plane that decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together
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Explain extension
Movement in the saggital plane that increases the angle of the joint, brings two bones further away from each other
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Explain abduction
Movement in the frontal plane, limb moves away from the midline of the body
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Explain adduction
Movement in the frontal plane, limb moves towards the midline of the body
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Explain circumduction
A combination of all the movements, common in ball and socket joints, proximal limb is stationary, end of the limb is moving in a circle
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Explain hyperextension
Extension greater than 180 degrees
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Explain rotation
Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
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Explain Dorsiflexion
Lifting the foot, so the superior part approaches the shin, standing on the heels is a common example
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Explain Inversion and Enversion
Turning the sole of the foot inwards and Turning the sole of the foot outwards
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Explain plantar flexion
Pointing the toes
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Explain supination and pronation
Forearm rotation outwards so that the palm is facing outwards and Forearm rotation inwards so that the palm is facing inwards
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Explain opposition
Touching the thumb to the other fingers
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What is the saggital plane?
dividing the body into left and right. include movements such as up and down so flexion and extension
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What is the frontal plane?
divides the body into back and front. includes movement such as sideways, abduction and adduction
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What is the Horizontal plane?
divides the body top and bottom. includes movements such as rotation, supination and pronation
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name the functions of the skeletal system

Back

Protection, support, movement, produces blood cells, stores minerals

Card 3

Front

What is the axial skeleton?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name an example of the axial skeleton

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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