Russia: Nicholas' policies on Peasants, Urban Workers, National Minorities and, Intelligentsia
- Created by: J.W.O
- Created on: 18-09-21 22:46
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- Tsar Nicholas II's policies on the Intelligentsia, National Minorities, Peasants, and Urban Workers
- Intelligentsia
- Causes of anger
- Tsar opposed westernisation
- This angered them as they wanted Russia to be more democratic
- This angered them as compared to Russia, Europe was considered to be more advanced
- Russia was not considered to be industrial unlike European nations like Germany, France, and the UK
- Tsar opposed westernisation
- Who were they?
- primarily intellectuals: artists, writers, philosophers, and political activists
- Causes of anger
- Urban Workers
- Who were they?
- 2.5% of population in 1900. Mostly former peasants. 57.6% could read and write, This made them politically active
- Causes of anger
- They didn't benefit from the growth of industry.
- the people who benefitted the most were factory owners this meant that the workers were paid relatively little
- This meant they couldn't progress in society due to low levels of wealth mobilisation.
- the people who benefitted the most were factory owners this meant that the workers were paid relatively little
- low quality working + living conditions
- 11 hour work days, little safety procedure, ridden with disease.
- lived in barrack like facilities near factories. These were unsanitary and had no privacy
- They didn't benefit from the growth of industry.
- What were Nicholas' policies on this group?
- were these policies successful?
- No. stopped workers improving their conditions leading to anger. Workers also key in 1905 revolution
- Unions were illegal
- Workers couldn't demand better conditions
- strikes led to imprisonment
- were these policies successful?
- Who were they?
- National Minorities
- Causes of anger
- Russification
- the act of making minorities more Russian
- started by Tsar Alexander III
- Continued by his son Nicholas II
- Allowed government to have religious and cultural control
- Caused 5 million Jewish people to flee
- Russification
- Who were they?
- groups such as Estonians who have their own culture different to Russia
- What were Nicholas' policies on this group?
- forced teaching of Russian language
- Suppression on Cultural activities
- were these policies successful?
- No. Widespread discrimination made them angrier. Led to further destabilisation
- antisemitism laws
- Causes of anger
- Peasants
- Causes of anger
- Unluxiorious Lifestyle
- Farming was a tough job to the low amount of income due to the fact most farmers were subsidence farmers
- Outdated tools for framing
- Europe's equipment and agricultural practises improved centuries ago
- After emancipation had to repay large amounts of money
- Caused many to go into debt
- Unluxiorious Lifestyle
- Who were they?
- Peasants were farmers. until 1861 they were owned by the aristocracy.
- Their serfdom ended in 1861 due Alexander II's Emancipation reform of 1861.
- Peasants were farmers. until 1861 they were owned by the aristocracy.
- What were Nicholas' policies on this group?
- Conscripted into army
- made them illiterate and uneducated
- Prevented them progressing in society
- Causes of anger
- Intelligentsia
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