Reasoning and Decision-Making
- Created by: katielou
- Created on: 14-04-19 11:11
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- Reasoning & Decision-Making
- Reasoning tasks have 2 components: 1. Premises (info that supposedly provides support for conclusion), and 2. Conclusion (statement that claims to follow logically from info in premises)
- Assessing Logic: 1. Soundness (conclusions follow logically from true premises), and 2. Validity (conclusions follow from premises). Can be valid and not sound, but not invalid and sound
- Deductive Reasoning: drawing conclusions based on true info presented in premises - if info in premises is true, then conclusion is true - conclusions follow necessarily from premises
- Inductive Reasoning: drawing conclusions based on untrue evidence - likelihood of truth, not guaranteed - circumstance might be true but conclusion is false
- Decision-Making: Reasoning with a number of choices. Weigh costs (take away from goal) and benefits (towards goal) of decision to maximise value/utility = utility/normative (logical) theory
- Choosing options best suited to individual isn't psychologically plausible
- Descriptive invariance = everyone should make same choice regardless of how it's framed/described
- Tversky & Kahneman (1981) - pps chose riskier options when scenario emphasised gain not loss (even though utility = identical) - framing violates descriptive invariance
- Gain 200 survive (72%), loss 400 die (22%)
- Tversky & Kahneman (1981) - pps chose riskier options when scenario emphasised gain not loss (even though utility = identical) - framing violates descriptive invariance
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