Organic Chemistry
- Created by: Shannon
- Created on: 05-03-14 18:21
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- Organic chemistry
- Hazards and risks
- Hazard: A substance's potential to cause harm
- Highlighted in a risk assessment
- Risk: The probability that a substance will cause harm and the consequences of it doing so
- Precautions should be made to reduce risks
- Work on a smaller scale
- Using alternative techniques
- Using less hazardous chemicals
- Precautions should be made to reduce risks
- Risk: The probability that a substance will cause harm and the consequences of it doing so
- Highlighted in a risk assessment
- Risk: The probability that a substance will cause harm and the consequences of it doing so
- Precautions should be made to reduce risks
- Work on a smaller scale
- Using alternative techniques
- Using less hazardous chemicals
- Precautions should be made to reduce risks
- Hazard: A substance's potential to cause harm
- Alkanes
- General formula
- CnH2n+2
- Isomers
- Different compounts that have the same molecular formular, but atoms are arranged differently in space
- Structural isomers
- Compounds have different functional groups or are connected to the carbon chain differently
- Alkanes as fuels
- Obtained from crude oil
- Fractional distillation
- Cracking
- Reformation
- Obtained from crude oil
- Reactions
- Free radical mechanism
- Initiation
- Homolytic fission of covalent bond - creation of 2 free radicals
- Propagation
- 1st step: free radical reacts with alkane
- 2nd step: free radical reacts with Cl2 gas - forming a chloroalkane and a free radical
- Termination
- 2 free radicals react to form a covalent bond
- Initiation
- Free radical mechanism
- Saturated hydrocarbons
- Single bonds only
- General formula
- Alkenes
- General formula
- CnH2n
- Geometric isomerism
- Exist because there is no free rotation around the double bond
- Naming
- cis/trans
- cis = same
- trans = opposite
- E/Z
- E = opposite
- Z = same
- cis/trans
- Reactions
- Electrophilic addition
- The double bond is electron rich
- Electrophiles attracted to these areas
- Addition to asymmetric alkenes
- E.g Propene + HBr
- Secondary carbocation more stable as the +ve charge is spread between 3 carbons
- E.g Propene + HBr
- The double bond is electron rich
- Polymerisation
- Joining of alkene monomers to form a polymer
- Electrophilic addition
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Contains a C=C bond
- Test
- Bromine water
- General formula
- Hazards and risks
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