Causes of the collapse of the Romanov dynasty 1894-1917
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- Created on: 18-03-19 09:18
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- Causes of the collapse of the Romanov dynasty 1894-1917
- Failure to reform (political)
- Opposition groups
- Liberals
- Had limited political influence before 1905
- Contributed to the momentum of that was building up within the country for political change
- Were the main beneficiaries of the revolution in that year when one of their aims was achieved
- A representative national body, the state Duma, was established
- Were the main beneficiaries of the revolution in that year when one of their aims was achieved
- Contributed to the momentum of that was building up within the country for political change
- Had limited political influence before 1905
- Socialist Revolutionaries (1901)
- Tried to stir up discontent in the countryside and strikes in towns, and to disrupt Gov by political assassinations
- Carried out 2000 political assassinations between 1901 and 1905
- Stolypin in 1911
- Carried out 2000 political assassinations between 1901 and 1905
- Secret police foiled some activities and was successful in infiltrating the movement
- Some 4579 SRs were sentenced to death between 1905 and 1909, and 2365 were actually executed
- Tried to stir up discontent in the countryside and strikes in towns, and to disrupt Gov by political assassinations
- Industrial 'take-off' helped make Marxist theories more attractive to Russian intellectuals from the late 1890s
- Social Democratic Workers' Party (1898)
- 1898 --> First Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party of the Soviet Union was held in Minsk
- Produced a manifesto which asserted that the working classes had been, and were being exploited by their masters and that the future of Russia would be the product of class struggle
- Revival in Bol fortunes in 1912-1914, when they succeeded in taking over many legal labour institutions in both St.P and Moscow from the Mensheviks
- Gained 6 workers' deputies in elections to the 4th Duma
- Newspaper, Pravda, was launched in April 1912 and enjoyed much higher circulation than the Menshevik's Luch
- But support for Bols ideals was limited
- Had been helped in the 4th Duma elections by a SR boycott
- Enjoyed no success with the army or navy
- 1898 --> First Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party of the Soviet Union was held in Minsk
- Industrial depression from 1907, lack of finance and a shortage of secret printing presses made organisation difficult and non of the exiled leaders exercised effective control over their parties within Russia
- Trade Unions
- State continued to fear independent working-class activity and, in particular the potential for revolutionaries to work through trade unions
- 497 closed down and 604 denied registration between 1906 and 1910
- Legalised after the 1905 revolution
- Activity confined to St. P and the surrounding area where 3/4 of strikes took place; half in metal trades
- State continued to fear independent working-class activity and, in particular the potential for revolutionaries to work through trade unions
- SRs and SDs weakened by the exile of their leaders after 1905, as well as the damaging ideological split within the SD
- Liberals
- Military failures
- WW1
- Made himself commander-in-chief of the army in 1915, which caused him to leave Petrograd
- His chosen ministers and 'court' (led by Alexandra and Rasputin) took more control over the war effort, and resisted demands from the Duma's centralist/liberal' parties for more workers' rights and the release of political prisoners
- The apparent domination of Alexandra (partly German) and Rasputin (noted for his scandalous sexual and alcoholic behaviour) reduced the prestige of the Tsarist system in the eyes of many
- His chosen ministers and 'court' (led by Alexandra and Rasputin) took more control over the war effort, and resisted demands from the Duma's centralist/liberal' parties for more workers' rights and the release of political prisoners
- The Tsar's decision to go to war was initially popular; 6 million men enlisted
- Spirit of national solidarity dampened when military failures at the start of the war led to its prolongation
- By mid-1915, all of Russian 'Poland' had fallen to the Germans, who advanced 250 miles into Russia's territory
- Battle of Tannenburg in East Prussia, which left 300,000 dead or wounded in August 1914
- Spirit of national solidarity dampened when military failures at the start of the war led to its prolongation
- Made himself commander-in-chief of the army in 1915, which caused him to leave Petrograd
- Russo-Japanese War 1904-05
- Pointed out major flaw in military system
- Navy (Tsushima 2nd October 1904)
- Battle lasted a day during which the entire Russian baltic fleet was lost at the expense of 3 Japanese torpedo boats
- Navy (Tsushima 2nd October 1904)
- Pointed out major flaw in military system
- WW1
- Social and economic
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