Metabolic alterations in cancer
- Created by: -FlIp
- Created on: 01-08-18 12:48
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- Metabolic alterations in cancer
- Hallmarks of cancer
- Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)
- evading apoptosis
- self-sufficiency in growth signals
- insensitivity to anti-growth signals
- tissue invasion & metastasis
- limitless replicative potential
- sustained angiogenesis (development of new blood vessels)
- 2011 updates
- emerging hallmarks
- deregulating cellular energetics
- avoiding immune destruction
- self-sufficiency in growth signals
- insensitivity to anti-growth signals
- enabling characteristics
- genome instability & mutation
- tumour promoting inlammation
- sustained angiogenesis
- emerging hallmarks
- Hanahan and Weinberg (2000)
- Oncogenes, tumour suppressors & tumour environment leads to alterations in cellular metabolism
- Warnburg effect
- shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis
- a reliance on glycolysis for ATP generation even under normal oxygen levels
- an aerobic glycolytic switch first noted by Otto Warburg in 1920s
- increased lactate output
- essentially establishes a Cori cycle
- His reasoning that this effect was due to mitochondrial malfunction was incorrect
- capacity and function of mitochondrial pathways remains the same
- relatively inefficient
- 2ATP produced per cycle
- large difference in ATP produced per molecule of glucose
- glycolysis is faster than full oxidative phos.
- pyruvate is largely converted into lactate by the cori cycle with the liver in tumours
- lactic acid produced goes to the liver & is converted to glucose
- Hallmarks of cancer
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