Describe and Evaluate Levels of Processing Framework for Memory
- Created by: jill
- Created on: 01-12-14 18:47
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- Levels of Processing Framework, Craik & Lockhart (1972)
- Central Processor that decided how things should be processed. Memory is a by-product of this information processing
- Three Levels of Processing
- Structural processing. What something looks like. Shallowest form of processng
- Phonemic Processing. What it sounds like. Intermediate level of processing
- Semantic Processing. What it means. Deepest level of processing.
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- Supporting study - Craik & Tulving 1975. Found higher recall for semantically processed words
- Supporting Study - Hyde & Jenkins 1973. Higher recall when processed meaning of word (eg pleasantness)
- Support from lab experiments. Controlled and replicable so likely to be reliable
- Applicability - use processing for meaning to help you learn/revise better. Learn languages and learning to read (but Synthetic Phonics often used)
- Weaknesses
- Conflicting study - Morris et al (1977) pps remembered more words processed phonetically rather than semantically
- Conflicting study (Reber et al (1994. Emotional content of words affects their ability to be remembered
- As lab experiments used to support may lack ecological validity
- Description rather than explanation (like Milgram's Agency Theory)
- Circular logic of meaning processing/depth of processing
- Strengths
- Problems with MSM and sought to address these
- EG -why can we revise something for hours and still not remember it but watch something interesting and remember all of it
- Wanted to focus on processing rather than structure
- This suggests more than one type of rehearsal (two types)
- Type I - Maintenance Rehearsal. This is rehearsing it to remember it for a short time (weak memory trace)
- Type II - Elaborative Rehearsal. This is when it is considered more deeply and meaning is attached (stronger memory trace)
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