Language & Occupation theories
- Created by: Erin Barker
- Created on: 09-05-19 18:40
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- Language & Occupation theorists
- John Swales
- Discourse communities
- within an occupational setting
- groups of people trying to achieve specific common goals
- broadly agreed set of goals
- has mechanisms of intercommunication among each other
- provides information and feedback
- acquired specific lexis
- members must use a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise
- Discourse communities
- Adrian Beard
- investigated discourse in the context of education
- aspects of powwer
- Grice's maxims
- asymmetrical relationships
- Howard Giles
- Accommodation theory
- convergence- language to match audience
- divergence- moves away from language of the audience
- Brown & Levinson
- Positive politeness
- show people they are liked and admired
- compliments
- social superior- reducing distance
- Negative politeness
- shown we want to avoid intruding on others lives
- results in indirect language that is apologetic and respectful
- keeping titles
- Positive politeness
- Paul Drew & John Heritage
- workplace talk has 6 defining features
- one speaker has more power
- goal alteration
- more standard
- turn taking
- allowable .contributions
- professional lexis
- asymmetry
- Study of workplace talk
- workplace talk has 6 defining features
- Paul Drew & John Heritage
- institutional talk
- formal nteraction
- focused on particular tasks with a goal to be achieved
- fairly rigid, with a stricter structure
- turn-taking expectations
- informal interaction
- inferences based on the task at hand
- more constrained as to what a an allowable contribution
- formal nteraction
- institutional talk
- Almut Koester
- 2004
- vital for getting jobs done in work place
- phatic talk
- builds interpersonal relationships
- provides interaction about non-work related things
- Herbert & Straight
- those in power have authority to start a conversation
- compliments tend to flow from those of higher rank to those of lower ranks
- deflecting or rejecting compliments negates that the addressee is superior to the speaker
- Nelson
- women talk a lot in the workplace
- women use half-finished sentences because they speak before they think
- women link entences with 'and' as they are emotional rather than grammatical
- women use adverbs and hyperboles
- women speak more fluently as they use narrow vocabulary
- women have a preference for veiled expressions and indirect expressions
- men are responsible for introducing new words into the language
- Peter Trudgill
- women more likely to use overt prestige
- men more susceptible to covert prestige
- men use a lower prestige to appear 'tough' or 'down-to-earth'
- Hoenyak
- shift from work to personal talk is always initiated by the highest ranking person in the room
- assertion of power
- Fairclough
- build consumer
- draw on members resources- background knowledge
- building a relationship through personalisation, direct address and imagination
- builds relationship between employer and employee
- powerful participant will always constrain the less powerful participant
- normal turn-taking does not apply
- John Swales
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