Theme 3; Key Idea 3
- Created by: mckenj99
- Created on: 04-01-18 20:04
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- Key Idea 3
- Views from the less developed world
- Often influenced by Ghandi
- Every human has the right to feed, clothe and house themselves.
- Less developed countries saw the solution to poverty not through industrialisation but though encouraging the economic life of villages.
- Dependency theory and Post-Development both emerged from the developing world.
- 'Development' in the LDW is seen as the spread of western dominance.
- Often influenced by Ghandi
- Gender and development
- Until the 1960s it was assumed that development affected both genders in the same way.
- Growing evidence that women were being left behind
- Gender relations are seen as important for many working in development.
- Tackling gender inequality is seen to empower women and contribute to their sense of well-being
- Until the 1960s it was assumed that development affected both genders in the same way.
- Eco-feminism
- In the 1970s women challenged the dominant model of development
- They saw it as being shaped by masculine values.
- Development was seen as a violent force against nature
- Vandana Shiva
- In the 1970s women challenged the dominant model of development
- Views from the developed world
- Influenced by neo-liberalism and capitalism
- Joseph Stiglitz
- Argued that neo-liberalism has failed.
- Suggested that there must be a balance between markets, governmetns and instituations
- Evidence to support this view
- In countries where neo-liberal policies have been applied, development has failed.
- Countries where the state played a strong role, development was successful.
- Governments can enhance growth by increasing inclusiveness, e.g. education for all.
- Evidence to support this view
- Bottom-up
- Bottom-up approaches should:
- Empower individuals and communities
- Involve the local community
- Focus on grassroots forms of knowledge
- Use appropriate technology
- Work with local cultures
- Barefoot college, India
- Sanjit BunkerRoy
- In 1965 Roy travelled to Bihar to visit a village for the first time.
- Thought that the poor were strong enough and proud enough to raise themselves out of poverty
- College exclusively for the poor
- Sanjit BunkerRoy
- Limitations of bottom-up strategies:
- Designed to meet basic needs, not increase incomes dramatically.
- Small scale, have to be repeated thousands of times
- Political instability could reverse the gains made.
- Communities are constantly changing.
- Some communities face power differences, meaning some members face exclusion
- Bottom-up approaches should:
- Top-down development
- Decisions being made by governments without direct involvement of the people
- Large scale projects with are well funded.
- Advantages
- Large scale change
- Can help drive economic growth
- Disadvantages
- Fail to meet the needs and wants of communities
- Not tailored to local conditions
- City based 'experts'
- Stereotypes
- Kerala
- Views from the less developed world
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