Political philosophy. Justice.
Distribution. Types of Justice. Rawls and Nozick.
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- Created on: 11-06-13 12:50
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- JUSTICE
- Social Justice
- where all persons within society are treated FAIRLY and IMPARTIALLY
- RAWLS: social justice is NOT happiness of majority rather the individual interests of citizens
- where all persons within society are treated FAIRLY and IMPARTIALLY
- Distributive Justice
- If people are getting the goods they are due. Depends on the SYSTEM OF REDISTRIBUTION
- DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO DESERT
- Justice: where as much as is possible of basic needs are met
- System: basic social security, wealth redistribution and taxation
- Ensures equality but LIMITS INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES
- System: basic social security, wealth redistribution and taxation
- Justice: where as much as is possible of basic needs are met
- DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO NEED
- Justice: where each person gets what they DESERVE
- SYSTEM: no social structre, just accounts of how they deserve the goods
- MAY LEAD TO VAST INEQUALITIES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR
- SYSTEM: no social structre, just accounts of how they deserve the goods
- Justice: where each person gets what they DESERVE
- DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO EQUALITY
- Justice: Goods distributed equally. Goods = many diff things
- System: egalitarians would have to explain what goods exactly must be equal
- If goods are given equally regardless of Need or desert, WHY WOULD ANYONE TRY?
- System: egalitarians would have to explain what goods exactly must be equal
- Justice: Goods distributed equally. Goods = many diff things
- DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO DESERT
- JOHN RAWLS
- Egalitarian: Justice requires us to ensure least well off are as well-off as possible
- argues this using "ORIGINAL POSITION"
- THE LIBERTY PRINCIPLE: Demand an equal and extensive set of BASIC FREEDOMS for all persons
- THE DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE: any inequality in society should favor the least well-off
- Society: egalitarian, extensive social security, free medical care funded by taxation.
- criticisms:
- removes incentive to be productive
- We would not choose his principles in original position
- would we really choose to gamble the high stakes of our lives?
- Original position caters to capitalists societies
- assumes we'd value liberty over community, however it is just a thought experiment
- criticisms:
- ROBERT NOZICK
- individuals should be free from state interference.
- Distributive justice = just acquisitions and just transfers
- PATTERNED THEORY: distributing goods according to some patterns like need or desert.
- this is only maintained by constant state interference
- UN-PATTERNED THEORY: distribution is just if all factors leading to it are just
- we prefer this because we always exchange goods in an un-patterned way
- Society: large inequalities between rich and poor. No taxation. no state interference
- criticisms:
- Allowing inequalities breaches liberties in other ways
- taking away redistribution limits others liberties
- redistribution systems aren't as invasive as he makes it seem.
- we have taxation, isn't inavsive
- he doesn't account for how goods are acquired justly.
- e.g. inheritance.
- Allowing inequalities breaches liberties in other ways
- criticisms:
- If people are getting the goods they are due. Depends on the SYSTEM OF REDISTRIBUTION
- Economic Justice
- Society is just if it is ECONOMICALLY just
- Earn what you own. Receive goods according to desert or need.
- Society is just if it is ECONOMICALLY just
- Social Justice
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