Ireland 1868-1914
- Created by: Bek10
- Created on: 16-03-16 11:51
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- Ireland 1868-1914
- Gladstones First Ministry 1868-1874
- 1st Land Act 1870
- Law that no tenant could be evicted provided he paid rent on
time. “Bright Clause” helped tenants buy land yet not many took advantage.
- Act failed to define the rights of tenants and landlords. Landlords could still evict tenants and Act failed to impact a solution between landlords and tenants.
- The Govt was unable to legislate for control of Irish rents as property was private.
- Law that no tenant could be evicted provided he paid rent on
time. “Bright Clause” helped tenants buy land yet not many took advantage.
- Irish Church Act 1869
- Proposed the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland - reducing Church property by 10m.
- Opposition was faced from the House of Lords which was overcome by speech from Queen Victoria.
- Proposed the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland - reducing Church property by 10m.
- University Bill 1873
- This was an attempt to reorganise higher education in Ireland. It failed to pass parliament by three votes because of a religious controversy over the syllabus: history, philosophy, theology
- This Act was effective but too late and therefore failed.
- This was an attempt to reorganise higher education in Ireland. It failed to pass parliament by three votes because of a religious controversy over the syllabus: history, philosophy, theology
- 1st Land Act 1870
- Gladstones Second Ministry 1880-1885
- Situation in Ireland had worsened from number of factors including Disraeli's inaction and Gladstone's policies face opposition from the House of Lords.
- Land Compensation Bill 1880
- Aimed to satisfy Irish to compensate tenants who had been unfairly evicted.
- Bill failed due to reaction from the Land League discontent.
- Aimed to satisfy Irish to compensate tenants who had been unfairly evicted.
- Coercion Act 1881
- Passed due to increasing violence by Land League leaders and so arrests could be made without a trial.
- Act placed strain on Liberal Party and dint solve economic problems.
- Passed due to increasing violence by Land League leaders and so arrests could be made without a trial.
- 2nd Land Act 1881
- Act was a concession to Irish giving MP's 3F's: Fair rents, Fixed tenancies and free sale on lease given to tenant who gave up farming.
- Ireland 1874-1880
- Rise of Parnell
- Butts' weak leadership made way for the charismatic Parnell, known for aggressive attitude and contempt for English opinion, a hero for irish nationalists.
- Economic Depression 1879+ created agrarian movement against landlords: Michael Davitt and Land League.
- Land War 1879-1883
- Davitt focused on Land reform and argued all nationalists should fight for constitutional change in Ireland
- 'New Departure': in 1879 Dublin, Davitt, Parnell and Devoy met to support Home Rule and and tenant demands. Irish protest became one movement.
- Land League
- Oct 1879 Davitt formed National Land League with immediate aim to support 3Fs.
- General Election 1880
- 61 Home Rulers in Commons were Parnell was elected leader of Irish Parliamentary Party.
- Rise of Parnell
- Ireland and the Ulster Crisis 1910-1914
- Home Rule Bill 1912
- Similar to Gladstones 1893 Bill were Irish parliament could pass limited laws.
- Ulster hostile to Bill, Asquith no rel attempt to face Ulster situation.
- Bill passed with o absolute veto and Lords could only delay 2 yrs.
- Ulster Crisis
- Ulster resisted with meetings creating provincial govt.
- UVF
- Drilling and training of volunteer soldiers illegally preparing Ulster to fight.
- Funding from USA and Germany, smuggling weapons which was made easier by Asquith 'wait and see' policy.
- Curragh Munity Incident March 1914
- Govt reinforced rmy depots in Ulster with rumurs of an attack and so Ulster prepred, Govt had no intentions.
- War office worried of officers loyalties who came from Ulster. Message was shared that if Ulster officers were not to cooperate they would be 'dismissed from the service'.
- 58 officers referred dismissal and Asquith took charge of War Office.
- Govt position further weakened.
- Home Rule Bill 1912
- Gladstone and the Irish Question 1880-1886
- 2nd Land Act 1881
- Coercion Act 1881
- Caused uproar with Irish MPs who used tactic of filibustering in House of Commons for 41hrs disagreeing with giving authorities powers to arrest and imprisonment.
- Act served to unify Irish party and strengthened Parnell's reputation.
- Caused uproar with Irish MPs who used tactic of filibustering in House of Commons for 41hrs disagreeing with giving authorities powers to arrest and imprisonment.
- Parnell's Arrest
- Parnell Arrested: In October 1881, after a rousing speech by Parnell, the leaders of the Land League were imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol. A "no rent" movement was launched in protest at his imprisonment, though it largely failed
- Kilmainham Treaty 1882
- Parnell's arrest led to worse violence and so so the Irish part cooperated with the Liberal Govt pushing for home Rule by constitutional means.
- Terms of Kilmainham Treaty: (For Gladstone)Release Parnell, Relax Coercion Act, Amend Land Act.
- Untitled
- Terms of Treaty: (For Parnell) use influence to end violence, Accept/ Support Land Act and further Liberal Irish reforms.
- Ireland 1886-1901
- Gladstone conversion to Home Rule 1886
- Long-term Anglo-Irish relations
- Political Tactics where Gladstone's Irish policy would win or keep his political power.
- 1st Home Rule Bill 1886
- Intention was to resolve Irish grievances whilst preserving the Union.
- Bill was defeated and following general election defeat for Liberals shown Home Rule hate in England.
- 2nd Home Rule Bill 1893
- Passed Commons but failed Conservatives dominated Lords, 1895 election was a disaster for Liberals.
- Home Rule would never pass Lords, convinced Gladstone that reform of HoL was a necessity prelude for any radical programme.
- Conservative Policies
- Conservative policy: 'Killing Home Rule by kindness' or 'Constructive Unionism'.
- Balfour (Irish Secretary 1887-1892) introduced mix of coercion against opposition and reform that eased the opposition to the Union. he had notable success.
- Radical Reform 1885-92, e,g: 2 land purchase acts 1887 and 1891 to increase money for tenants to buy land.
- Crimes Act 1887
- Allow magistrates to detain persons suspected of agrarian crimes. (Land League)
- Land Act 1903
- Dramatically accelerated land purchase.
- Gladstone conversion to Home Rule 1886
- Gladstones First Ministry 1868-1874
- Gladstone and the Irish Question 1880-1886
- 2nd Land Act 1881
- Coercion Act 1881
- Caused uproar with Irish MPs who used tactic of filibustering in House of Commons for 41hrs disagreeing with giving authorities powers to arrest and imprisonment.
- Act served to unify Irish party and strengthened Parnell's reputation.
- Caused uproar with Irish MPs who used tactic of filibustering in House of Commons for 41hrs disagreeing with giving authorities powers to arrest and imprisonment.
- Parnell's Arrest
- Parnell Arrested: In October 1881, after a rousing speech by Parnell, the leaders of the Land League were imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol. A "no rent" movement was launched in protest at his imprisonment, though it largely failed
- Kilmainham Treaty 1882
- Parnell's arrest led to worse violence and so so the Irish part cooperated with the Liberal Govt pushing for home Rule by constitutional means.
- Terms of Kilmainham Treaty: (For Gladstone)Release Parnell, Relax Coercion Act, Amend Land Act.
- Untitled
- Terms of Treaty: (For Parnell) use influence to end violence, Accept/ Support Land Act and further Liberal Irish reforms.
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