Hazard Mitigation Strategies - EQ3
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?- Created by: biotiggy
- Created on: 07-12-16 12:00
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- Hazard Mitigation Strategies
- Land Use Zoning
- Regulation of the way that land may be used. In high risk areas, settlements will be limited; certain structures/ facilities will be prohibited; communities may be resettled somewhere safer; and development in areas of natural protection will be limited
- Effective method of protecting both people and structures. If there is less risk of damage then there is less risk of a disaster
- It is hard to enforce in less developed countries, particularly those with a lot of informal housing.
- Zones around Mount Taranaki, New Zealand, are decided based on the likely type and level of damage from the eruption.
- Diverting Lava Flows
- Redirecting lava flows away from communities via the construction of barriers/ digging of channels
- Diverting lava flows successfully significantly reduces a community's vulnerability
- It is fairly ineffective due to difficulties predicting the path of lava and ensuring that terrain is suitable.
- Barriers and channels successfully diverted lava flows from the 1983 eruption of Mount Etna, Italy.
- GIS Mapping
- Allows for many different types of hazard to be shown on one map
- Enables the identification of the most at risk areas and the most accessible route to it
- Map information could be out of date
- GIS Mapping in Nepal produced a map showing the locations and rough populations of towns and cities; areas affected by the earthquake and locations of airports and airstrips
- Used to work out the best routes for the delivery of and the target of aid.
- Hazard Resistant Design and Engineering Defences
- Construction of buildings and structures that can withstand hazard impacts (eg shock absorbent structures, sloped roofs in a volcanic hazard, elevation and anchoring of those at risk of tsunami.
- Reducing the number of buildings that collapse during an event will directly affect the death toll as collapsing buildings are the main cause of death during an earthquake.
- Usually, constructing buildings like this is expensive so construction codes may not always be followed in corrupt areas such as China, so corners are cut and benefits are lost.
- Los Angeles, California & Japan; cost effective example in Pakistan - utilizing straw bales and plastic netting between layers of plaster so that walls crack but do not collapse.
- Land Use Zoning
- Advantage
- Disadvantage
- Case Study example
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