World at Risk
- Created by: 287035
- Created on: 10-04-14 09:41
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- World at Risk
- Global hazards
- Hydro-meteorological and geophysical
- Context and chronic hazards
- Risk= F x V/CC
- Changing risks, lack of alternatives, benefits vs costs, risk perception
- G.H. trends
- 1. Increase in reported hazards
- 2. Increase and fluctuations in geophysical hazards
- 3. HM hazards increased sharply
- Statistics- no universally agreed definition of 'disaster', direct or indirect deaths?, remote places, political influence, complex to collect
- Common in low/medium developed countries- lack resources and funds to develop prev. & pred. systems
- Human factors- rapid pop. growth, deforestation and land degradation, urbanisation, poverty and politics
- G.H. patterns
- Philippines
- California
- Distribution of EQ- along plate boundaries- destructive and conservative boundaries
- Distribution of volcanic eruptions- conservative, destructive and hotspots (localised area of lithosphere)
- Distribution of landslides- mountainous, heavy rain/seismic activity
- Distribution of droughts- dispersed pattern, 1/3 of the world's land surface
- Distribution of floods- India/Bangladesh and China- 33%- 80% world's population
- London
- Climate change (causes)
- Long term
- Ice cores- air bubbles contain atmospheric CO2 and preserves O levels- last 8,000 years
- Pollen- dated to show release- similar conditions
- Medium
- Historical records- cooler periods 1400 to 1450 and warmer period (medieval) 800-1400
- Tree rings- thickness of annual growth- 10, 000 years ago- localised
- Short term
- Instrumental records- increase air temp by 0.74 from 1900 to 2006- s.l. rose by 1.8mm per year from 1961-2003- thermal expansion
- Polar ice melt- NASA satellite shows decline by 8.5% per decade
- Long term
- Impact of global warming
- Direct
- Arctic: vegetation shift, thawing of permafrost, increasing fires and insects, increase in UV, carbon cycle changes, marine species extinction, land species at risk, hunting culture and decline of food security
- Africa: water related issues, food insecurity, natural resources, increase in health issues, development of coastal zone, poverty, desertification
- Indirect
- Rise in sea levels
- Bangladesh: 70% land= floodplains less that 6m above sea level, could lose 20% of land- displacing 40 mil., food supplies, damage to agricultural land- 65% subsistence farmers
- Egypt: Nile- 1m rise- 15% habitable land- 7 million people
- Netherlands: coastal lowlands, densely populated, 1m rise- $12,000 mil to defend
- Eustatic- change in amount of water. Isostatic- m. of land due to loss or gain of mass
- Rise in sea levels
- Direct
- Coping with CC
- Key players-governments, businesses, NGOs, communities and individuals
- Adaptation: crops that adapt to new climates, flood defences, water resource management
- Mitigation: taxing CO2 producing companies, increase use of renewable energy, modifying agri. processes, tree planting, energy conservation
- Challenge of G.H. for the future
- Water shortages (physical& economic scarcity), conflict over water, food insecurity,
- Sustainable development
- 1. Eco-friendly and green stratergies
- 2. Providing community based solutions
- Global hazards
- Global hazards
- Hydro-meteorological and geophysical
- Context and chronic hazards
- Risk= F x V/CC
- Changing risks, lack of alternatives, benefits vs costs, risk perception
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