Give reasons why disaster statistics are not altogether reliable.
No universally accepted definition of 'disaster'.
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Outline characteristics of a mega-disaster.
Spatial scale, large economic and human impacts; scale poses a serious challenge in terms of effective management; strong likelihood of needing international support from NGOs and IGOs; high impact; low probability.
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Give some examples of a tectonic mega-disaster.
2004 Asian tsuanmi, 2010 Eyafjallajokull, 2011 Tohoku Japan
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What is a mutliple-hazard zone?
Places that experience a number of different natural hazards. People and their livelihoods are at an increased risk.
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Give some examples of multiple-hazard zones.
Taiwan, Costa Rica, Philippines, Chile and Japan.
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Give an example of how different types of natural hazard may be linked.
Landslides triggered by earthquake shock waves can be aggravated by the torrential rains of a tropical storm. Volcanic eruptions under ice can cause sudden melting and flooding (jokulhlaup).
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Name the FOUR main stages in the hazard management cycle.
Response, recovery, mitigation, preparedness.
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What does the risk disk nodel attempt to explain?
It attempts to explain the decline in disaster deaths in terms of preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery.
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Explain the role of scientists as players when dealing with tectonic hazards.
Their challenge lies in prediction and forecasting. Seismologists have devloped sophisticated monitoring equipment. Two aspects - 'where' and 'when', but still not good on the latter. Vulcanologists are now better able to forecast both aspects.
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Give THREE examples of the human factors affecting the response to a tectonic hazard.
Population density, degree of community preparedness, technological resources, scientific understanding, education and training, economic wealth, quality of governance and infrastructure.
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Identify the FOUR stages in Park's model of the disaster response curve.
Pre-disaster, relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
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What is a mitigation strategy?
A set of actions and steps aimed at reducing the impact of a hazard event and/or the probability of its occurence.
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Give an example of a micro approach to improving protection from earthquakes.
Strengthening individual buildings against stress and shock waves.
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Give an example of a micro approach to improving protection from volcanoes.
Spraying cold water on, or physically diverting a lava flow.
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Give two examples of a macro approach to improving protection from tsunamis.
Creating coastal buffers in the form of mangroves or some other form of dense shore vegetation. Building defensive walls. Land-use zoning - moving housing and other important uses away from the most vulnerable areas.
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What is the role of planners in managing the impacts of tectonic hazards?
Two distinct contexts - modifying the potential impacts of the event by land-use zoning and improving prediction and warning systems. Improving preparedness.
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What is the role of insurers in managing the impacts of tectonic hazards?
Reduce the financial burden, but only for those able to pay insurance premiums, so little use to the poor.
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What is the role of NGOs in managing the impacts of tectonic hazards?
Most active during the emergency phase providing various forms of aid. Educating about hazard risks and what to do during a hazard event.
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Identify the FOUR priorities of the Sendai Framework for Action (2015).
Understanding disaster risk, strenghening governance to manage disaster risk, investing in disaster-risk reduction and enhancing preparedness, ensuring that recovery, rehabilitation and reconstructio result in a better (safer) situation.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Outline characteristics of a mega-disaster.
Back
Spatial scale, large economic and human impacts; scale poses a serious challenge in terms of effective management; strong likelihood of needing international support from NGOs and IGOs; high impact; low probability.
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