Free will, libertarianism & determinism
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?- Created by: Chloe Docherty
- Created on: 05-06-13 10:44
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- Free will, determinism and Libertarianism
- Determinism - For everything that happens, there are conditions such that, given those conditions, nothing else could happen
- Hard Determinism
- Argues that every event has a cause or many causes, so the idea of free will is impossible
- Soft determinism
- Argues that although we may be determined by some things (genes/ environment)we can still function as free, moral agents
- Conflict of free wills?
- Internal causes
- Genes/ Biology - 2002, bad behaviour gene found
- External causes
- Environment/ influence of others eg parents. SLT
- RELIGIOUS VIEWS
- Protestant - John Calvin - Predestination - either eternal hell or eternal damnation
- Islam - nothing can happen without it being in accordance with God's will. What occurs is because it is God's will that it should be.
- SKINNER: "The environment is full of factors which exercise control over human beings"
- EINSTEIN : "Everything is determined"
- VOLTAIRE: "Everything is planned, limited, connected"
- EINSTEIN : "Everything is determined"
- BARON D'HOLBACH: We are physical and we live in a physical world - therefore, we are determined by the laws of physics, so cannot be free.
- TED HONDERICH: "All our actions, intentions and decisions are results of other equally necessitated events"
- CLARENCE DARROW CASE, 1924 - LEOPOLD & LOEB - "Broken machines with the murder gene inherent in their organism" "Nature takes its job in hand" "man did not make himself"
- Hard Determinism
- Libertarianism
- Argues that we cannot really establish any truth to determinism, because our own experiences dictate that we make free choices
- The Conscience
- Religious
- "the inner voice of God"
- Aquinas
- "The voice of our true selves"
- Religious
- BUTLER - ANGLICAN PRIEST AND THEOLOGIAN - believed that humans are influenced by two basic principles: Self love and Benevolence (Golden rule - love your neighbour)
- John Stuart Mill - Book: On Liberty - influential figure in libertarianism- The individual should not be crushed by the will of society or by the state. shouldn't crush the diversity of individual people
- We are libertarians but..."The liberty of the individual must be thus far limited; he must not make himself a nuisance to others"
- RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES
- Christianity
- PROVERBS 22:6 - "Train a child up into the way he should go and when he is old, he will not turn from it"
- NIETSZCHE - "Nothing..canbe more incomplete than [one's] image of the totality of drives which constitute [a man's] being"
- SATRE: "Man is condemned to free will, because once he steps into the universe, he is fully responsible"
- NIETSZCHE - "Nothing..canbe more incomplete than [one's] image of the totality of drives which constitute [a man's] being"
- Judeo-Christian view - me are free autonomous agents, responsible for our actions
- PROVERBS 22:6 - "Train a child up into the way he should go and when he is old, he will not turn from it"
- Christianity
- AQUINAS: "Man chooses not out of necessity, but freely"
- Free Will
- NIETSZCHE - "Nothing..canbe more incomplete than [one's] image of the totality of drives which constitute [a man's] being"
- SATRE: "Man is condemned to free will, because once he steps into the universe, he is fully responsible"
- The ability to make choices that are not determined by prior causes or divine intervention
- PLATO: "Praise and blame are confined to voluntary actions"
- NIETSZCHE - "Nothing..canbe more incomplete than [one's] image of the totality of drives which constitute [a man's] being"
- Determinism - For everything that happens, there are conditions such that, given those conditions, nothing else could happen
- Free Will
- The ability to make choices that are not determined by prior causes or divine intervention
- PLATO: "Praise and blame are confined to voluntary actions"
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