Finishes and Decoration
- Created by: claudiade
- Created on: 09-05-16 10:29
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- Finishes and Decoration
- Mechanical Finishes
- Also known as physical finishes.
- Brushing: Wire rollers scratch and hook the surface f the weave or knit to lift out fibres.
- Raises the fabric surface
- Adds warmth but more flammable
- Softer and fluffy texture
- Repels water
- May pill, drapes well, but may pill
- Calendering: fabric pressed through heated metal rollers at a high pressure.
- flattens, smoothes and improves lustre
- adds shine and glaze
- compresses surface texture
- moire and embosses fabrics are made with engraved rollers to create patter or texture
- Heat Setting: only with thermoplastic fabires
- Fibers are softened by heat can then can be set into permanent pleats and shapes
- permanently fixed unless fabric is laundered at too high of a temperature
- Chemical Finishes
- when chemicals are applied to fabrics/yarns to improve their performance or care.
- environmental: disposal of excess chemicals and bleaches
- environmental: disposal of excess chemicals and bleaches
- flame retardant: makes fabrics resistant to burning
- proban: the brand name of the chemical used in flame retardancy
- only used on 100% cotton and cellulosic fabrics
- lasts the life of the fabric if cared for correctly.
- uses: protective clothing, upholstery, soft furnishings mattress covers and protective wear for race care drivers.
- Water resistance: because the structure of woven and knitted fabrics allow water to pass through.
- Teflon: water resistant finish and also protects from water borne stains
- high quality finish which lasts the life of the garment. silicone chemicals are sprayed onto the fabric.
- prevents the water from soaking into the fabric and the water will remain as droplets on the surface of the fabric.
- Non-iron: applied to cellulosic fibres such as cotton linen and viscose.
- treated with a resin which is dried and backed in an oven which cures the resin.
- a durable finish but care is required when laundering
- Stain resistance teflon - repels water- borne stains and lasts the life of the garment
- prevents soils stains and spills on wool cotton and blends.
- liquids bead up and roll off making it easy to clean up and brush off.
- shrink resistance: scales can be removed from wool to make it shrink- proof. prevents the garment from shrinking after it has been made.
- when chemicals are applied to fabrics/yarns to improve their performance or care.
- Decoration
- Appliqué: interfacing is used behind an area to be appliquéd, this strengthens it prevents the edges from fraying, helps prevent stretch in the fabric.
- bondaweb is different . this holds the fabric in place whilst it is being stitched.
- Adding colour to the fabric: environmental: disposal of excess dye
- Resist: using something to resist the dye to create a pattern the dye cant get to the areas of resist.
- Batik (wax) tie-dye (string) discharge (discharge paste which eats away the dye)
- Resist: using something to resist the dye to create a pattern the dye cant get to the areas of resist.
- Colour Fastness. colour fast fabric doesn't lose colour through washing, fading in sunlight and rubbing.
- dark denim is often over dyed which sits on the surface of the therefore can fade lot quicker
- hot washes fade colours and depends on hor strong the dye is bonded with fabric.
- products which should be light fast: carpets seating curtains and rugs.
- Dying fabrics
- fibre/dope dying: to the loose fibres before spinning into a yarn.
- yarn dying: to the yarns before weaving or knitting.
- fabric dying: to the rolls of fabric
- garment dying: dyes as a whole garment as required and colour trends change
- adding pattern to fabric: printing, stencilling, embroidery, woven and discharge printing.
- woven: using different coloured yarns warp threads arranged in the loom as required, weft thread change colour as required.
- tie-dye: resist method, sections of the fabric are tied or knotted tightly, immersed into a dye bath, however its time consuming and gets irregular results.
- screen printing: can be used on both big and small scales. the screen has sections blocked off to from the patter, dye paste is pushed through the un-blocked , hand: screen needs to be aligned with precision.
- rotary printing: engraved metal rollers, each roller builds up a different coloured layer of the deisgn. it is very fast but costly for small runs
- adding colour to knit: knitted in using different coloured yarns, printed on , discharge pasta or embroidered, problems with distortion when knits stretch .
- using patterned fabricsL could cut in a cross grain, could change aptern direction. may want to have less seams to maximise pattern. cut some sections in a plain fabric and in a contrasting colour to tone down the business of the patter.
- pattern repeat: example could be 20cm square , cutting our neers to be carefully planned, more wastage matching patterns at seams care needed, centralising pattern.
- Appliqué: interfacing is used behind an area to be appliquéd, this strengthens it prevents the edges from fraying, helps prevent stretch in the fabric.
- Mechanical Finishes
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