Development in surgery since 1900

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  • Development in surgery since 1900.
    • 1) X-rays
      • German scientist, wilhelm rontgen,
      • Rays of light in a covered tube was lighting up a wall.
        • the light rays could pass through: black paper, wood and flesh
      • Within months of his discovery X-rays started being used in hospitals
    • 4) Radiotherapy
    • 5) Plastic surgery.
      • Both world war led to fast improvements in techniques.  the use of skin grafts is a prime example of this.
      • Surgeons carried out over 11,000 plastic surgery operations
    • 6) Transplant surgery.
      • The first heart transplant was in South Africa in 1967. By Dr. Barnard
      • The first liver transplant in 1963
    • 7) Improved anaesthetics
      • This made surgeries more safer and allowed longer surgeries
      • This helped to control dosage
      • In the 1930's Helmuth Wesse developed an anaesthetic that would be injected into the bloodstream
    • 8) Keyhole and microsurgery
      • Surgeons used to have to make large in cuts into
      • surgery took place by a surgon using an insturment called an endoscope
      • Surgeons can now re join blood vessels and nerves
    • 2) Blood transfusion
      • Doctors tried to store blood but it clotted and couldn't be used for transfusions.
        • doctors then had two effective ways of storing blood
          • Adding sodium citrate prevented clotting.
          • later in the war scientists separated the blood and stored crucial l blood cells
      • in 1901 Karl landsteiner discovered the existence of blood groups
    • 3) Fighting Infections
      • Surgeons learned to cut away the infected tissue and protect it with saline solution.
      • The development of penicillin in WW2. this was very important to fighting infection successfully
  • doctors then had two effective ways of storing blood
    • Adding sodium citrate prevented clotting.
    • later in the war scientists separated the blood and stored crucial l blood cells
  • 3) Fighting Infections
    • Surgeons learned to cut away the infected tissue and protect it with saline solution.
    • The development of penicillin in WW2. this was very important to fighting infection successfully

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