Control, prevention and punishment: victims; the criminal justice system
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- Created on: 18-04-18 09:34
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- Control, prevention and punishment: victims; the criminal justice system
- Situational crime prevention and community safety
- Situational crime prevention
- Clarke
- People will commit crime when the costs of offending are less then the benefits obtained from offending
- Oscar Newman
- By changing the design of streets and housing estates, it was possible to make them safer
- Evaluation
- Garland
- Ignores the causes of crime
- Crawford and Evans
- Some critics see it as undesirable because it creates a divided fortress society that reduces civil liberties
- Garland
- Clarke
- Environmental crime prevention
- Based on Wilson and Kelling's Broken Windows Theory
- Evaluation
- Reiner
- The police have been more effective in the UK by target
- Reiner
- Social and community crime prevention
- Focus on individual offenders
- Intervention
- Community
- Intervention
- Farringdon and Farringdon-west
- Some risk factors linked to early offenders were:
- Low income and poor housing
- Low school attainment
- Parental conflict
- Some risk factors linked to early offenders were:
- Farringdon and Farringdon-west
- Evaluation
- Ian Taylor
- Structural inequalities in capitalist society are at eh
- Ian Taylor
- Focus on individual offenders
- Situational crime prevention
- Punishment, control and the criminal justice system
- Deterrence
- Bringing offenders to justice and publicly punishing them will encourage potential offenders to think twice about committing crime
- Incapacitation
- Aimed at protecting potential victims by stopping the offender from repeating the behaviour
- Rehabilitation
- Changing a criminal's attitude, values and behaviour
- Retribution
- Society giving fair and just punishment to offenders who have done harm to others.
- Deterrence
- Functionalist and Marxist perspectives
- Emile Durkheim: the nature and purpose of punishment
- The nature of the justice system is related to the division of labour
- Marxist perspectives on the law and punishment
- Rusche and Kirchheimer
- Systems of punishment corresponded to the particular economic system in which they developed
- Melossi and Pavarin
- Prison developed in the 17th century in order to impose discipline on workers
- Reiman
- Punishment is a way of enforcing laws that protect the private property of the wealthy
- Rusche and Kirchheimer
- Social control and the criminal justice system
- Michel Foucault and the birth of prison
- Disciplinary power is a characteristic of modern society
- Individuals had to monitor their own behaviour
- Disciplinary power is a characteristic of modern society
- Michel Foucault and the birth of prison
- David Garland and The Culture of Control
- Since the 1970s there has been a shift in attitudes towards punishment
- Evaluation
- Alice Goffman
- Mass imprisonment of young black men is a form of racial oppression
- Stanley Cohen
- social control mechanisms have become somewhat diffused and do not just involve the criminal justice system
- Alice Goffman
- Emile Durkheim: the nature and purpose of punishment
- Prisons, punishment and community senternces in contemporary britain
- Prison population was 87,729 in November 20915
- Victims of crime
- Defining victims
- Rob Watts, Judith Bessant and Richard Hill
- The difference between a victim and an offender is not always clear-cut
- Rob Watts, Judith Bessant and Richard Hill
- Positivist victimology
- Miers
- Positivist victimology is concerned with factors affecting rates of victimization as measured in statistical studies
- Evaluation
- Highlighted the tendency for the criminal justice system to ignore victims
- Miers
- Radical and critical victimology
- Radical victimology
- Kuazlarich et al
- Victims of state crime are often found among he poor and vulnerable in a society
- Kuazlarich et al
- Critical victimology
- Tombs and Whyte
- Many people are victims of corporate crime, often without realsing it
- Tombs and Whyte
- Evaluation
- Radical and critical criminology compliments positivist victimology
- Radical victimology
- Defining victims
- Situational crime prevention and community safety
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