Consensus, conflict, structural, social action and interpretivist theories
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- Created on: 20-04-18 15:55
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- Consensus, conflict, structural, social action and interpretivist theories
- Theories of society
- Functionalism
- Durkheim and early fucntionalism
- Dominant in sociology from the 1940s until the 1970s in the USA and europe
- Emile Durkheim
- Organic analogy
- Suicide study
- Talcott Parsons
- Four basic needs that all societies need to satisfy
- Adaptation
- Goal attainment
- Integration
- Latency
- Pattern maintenance
- Tension management
- Four basic needs that all societies need to satisfy
- Social evolution and differentiation
- As societies develop, they become more effective and efficient at raising living standards and meeting the needs of their members
- Evaluation
- Robert Merton
- Parson's view of society is too uncritical
- Sharrock et al
- Functionalism overemphasises the level of agreement or consensus in society
- Robert Merton
- Durkheim and early fucntionalism
- Marxism
- The Marxist model
- Applying the model to capitalism
- The majority of the population accept the inequalities of capitalism because of the way dominant institutions justify the prevailing economic and social situation
- Classes develop because some people are able t gain ownership and control over the means of production
- Applying the model to capitalism
- Evaluation
- The description of capitalism and its inevitable move towards a crisis has simply not occurred
- The polarisation of people into a rich minority and poor majority has not occurred in the way Marx envisaged
- Capitalism change significantly after Marx's death
- Neo-Marxism
- Antonio Gramsci
- Placed less emphasis on economics and social structure than most arxists
- Focused more on the choices and agencies of members of different classes
- Althusser and the concept of relative autonomy
- Capitalist society is made up of three interlocking elements
- The economic system
- The political system
- The ideological system
- The state is made up of two elements
- Repressive state apparatuses
- Ideological state apparatuses
- Capitalist society is made up of three interlocking elements
- Evaluation
- Marxism has become too complex and less powerful as an explanation of how societies develop
- Antonio Gramsci
- All history can be divided into 5 epochs
- The Marxist model
- Neo-Marxism
- Antonio Gramsci
- Placed less emphasis on economics and social structure than most arxists
- Focused more on the choices and agencies of members of different classes
- Althusser and the concept of relative autonomy
- Capitalist society is made up of three interlocking elements
- The economic system
- The political system
- The ideological system
- The state is made up of two elements
- Repressive state apparatuses
- Ideological state apparatuses
- Capitalist society is made up of three interlocking elements
- Evaluation
- Marxism has become too complex and less powerful as an explanation of how societies develop
- Antonio Gramsci
- Social action and interpretivist theories
- Goffman and the dramaturgical approach
- Heavily influenced by symbolic intractionism
- People work out strategies in dealing with others and are constantly altering and manipulating these strategies
- Phenomenology: the interpretation of meanings
- Evaluation
- Too relativistic
- Edmund Husserl
- All information about the social world is the product of the human mind
- Individuals organise the word around them into phenomena, in order to make sense of the chaotic world around them
- Evaluation
- Goffman and the dramaturgical approach
- Functionalism
- Uniting structural and social action approaches
- Giddens: the theory of structuration
- Evaluation
- Margaret Archer
- Puts too much emphasis on people's ability to change society by acting differently
- Margaret Archer
- Structures make social action possible
- Evaluation
- Giddens: the theory of structuration
- Theories of society
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