Companion animal nutrition
- Created by: Emma Jarvis
- Created on: 26-03-13 15:45
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- Companion animal nutrition
- Energy
- lipids, carbs and proteins are energy providerscarbs = glucose - main energy formmammalian protein cannot be stored
- Lipids (fatty acids)
- Lipids - consists of triglycerides - 3x fatty acids + 1x glycerol
- characteristicsof fat determined by lipids: saturated unsaturated polyunsaturated
- function: supply energy aids absorbtion of lipid soluble vitamins -supply essential fatty acids -needed to cell membrane, hormones, and control water loss through skin
- Digestion of Lipids
- 1. starts in stomach - GASTIC LIPASE breaks down lipids in to fatty acids and gycerol
- 2. small intestine - pancreatic juice: bile: smaller droplets are made and absorbed through intestinal wall.
- 3. large lipoprotien transport broken down lipids to mitochondrion
- Proteins
- Are large complex molecules composed of amino acids (AA)
- 100''s of AA exist but only 21 are used the animal protien
- functions
- muscle contraction (actin and myosin)
- skin, hair and nails (keratin)
- blood (haemoglobin)
- enzymes, hormones and antibodies
- digestion of proteins
- 1. broken down to polypeptides in stomach by pepsin ans HCI
- 2. Polypeptides broken down to amino acids in small intestine by pancreatic enzymes
- 3. amino acids absorbed through intestinal wall to the liver and other tissues
- 4. synthesis of tissue protein, of enzymes, albumin and hormones used for energy
- Carbohydrates
- simple sugars: monosaccharie (glucose) diasaccharies (lactose)
- oligosaccharides: 3-9 sugar units (raffinose) if it contains fructose: fructo - oligsaccharides (FOS)
- polysaccharide: starches (amylase, glycogen) fibres (cellulose)
- simple carbs and straches are used as glucose sources to - provide energy, provide heat, as building block for other nutrients and provde energy storage through fat
- fibre: promotes and regulates bowel function, maintains colonic health. fermented in caecum, increases bulk of food as most carnivorous can't digest the fibres
- Digestion of simple carbs and straches
- mechanical by mouth (chewing) Enzymatic- stomach )gastric juice + peptic acid): minor- small intestine (enzymes): majorMicrobial - large intestine (bacterial enzymes and fermentation)
- digestion of fibres
- WATER
- Most important nutrient of all! (animals can lose half their fat and protein and yet still survive (LOSS OF 15% WATER CAN KILL US!)
- water intake should roughly be equivalent to daily energy intake in kcal-for healthy dog/cat: 50ml/kg BW/d
- Water should be clean and fresh. be freely available (UNLESS EXCESSIVE VOMITING)
- Water should be increased for the following cases: in increased environmental temp, lactation, increased body temp, diarrhea vomiting, severe bleeding
- Energy
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