Chemitry C2

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  • Created by: neeza158
  • Created on: 20-10-21 17:00
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  • ionic bound
    • Chemistry-C2
      • ionic compounds
        • held together by strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
        • high melting and boiling point due to strong bonds between the ions which takes alot of energy to overcome
        • Ionic compounds are made of charged particles called ions which form a giant lattice structureA lattice is a regular repeating arrangement of particles,
        • dot and cross diagram
      • covalent bonding
        • share pair of electrons          Weak intermolecular forces exist between individual molecules
        • between non metals only
        • low melting and boiling point
        • dont conduct electricity as there are no charged ions theres no free electrons
      • Giant covalent structures
        • atoms bonded to each other by strong covalent bonds
        • high melting and boiling point as a lot of energy is needed to break the covalent bonds
        • dont conduct electricity as they dont contain charged particles
        • Eg:Daimond
          • each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds which makes diamond hard
          • very strong and there are no intermolecular forces
          • does not conduct electricity, has a very high melting point
        • Graphite
          • each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds
            • conduct electricity hish melting point
              • weak intermolecular forces, so the layers can slide over each other making graphite soft and slippery
        • Grahpene
          • One layer of graphite
            • It has free electrons which can move along its surface allowing it to conduct electricity
        • Fullerenes
          • molecules of carbon shaped likehollow balls
            • have a huge surface area can help in industrial catalysts can form nanotubes
      • polymers
        • long chains of repeating units
          • joined by strong covalent bonds
            • more energy is needed to break them
              • The intermolecular forces between the molecules in a polymer tend to be strong hence many of these substances are solid at room temperature
      • metallic bonding
        • high melting and boiling points alot of energy is needed to break the bonds
          • conduct electricity -free electrons and can carry charge
            • malleable and ductile Layers of positive ions can slide over one another
      • alloys
        • mixture of 2 or more metals
          • distortion of layers makes alloys harder
    • between metals and non metals
      • metals lose an electron to become positively charged ions
      • non metals gain electrons to become positively charged ions
      • An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons
        • The positive and negative charges are held together by the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

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