Charles I and Parliament

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  • Created by: Tori
  • Created on: 03-02-20 16:53
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  • Charles I and parliament 1625-29
    • Religion
      • Charles' religious policy created political tension.
        • King's open support for Arminianism alienated most of the political class.
          • Promoted the Arminian Richard Montagu to his Royal Chaplain, in the face of parliamentary calls for his impeachment (1625).
          • Allowingthe Duke of Buckingham, state his favour fro Arminianism at the York House Conference (1626).
          • Made the Arminian William Laud the Bishop of London (1268).
    • Foreign Policy
      • Charles' foreign policy was full of failures.
        • He called Parliament to fund an attack on the Spanish, but the Cadiz raid was a disaster (1625).
        • Tried to help the Protestant French Huguenots, but he was defeated at La Rochelle (1627).
          • Both of these defeats were national humiliations.
            • Parliments anger was sent towards Buckingham, as he oversaw foreign policy, and so they wanted him inpeached.
            • He called Parliament to fund an attack on the Spanish, but the Cadiz raid was a disaster (1625).
    • Finance
      • To finance foreign policy, Chalres has to raise money through tax, which needed Parlimentary approval.
        • In 1625, Parliment agreed to 2 substedies, amounting to £140,000.
          • However, Charles needed 1 Million, so asked for more.
    • Problems of government (1628)
      • Charles' policies led many MPs to assert that the King was acting illegally and contrary to the established forms of government.
        • When Charles called Parliament for the third time (1628), he demanded the immediate granting of taxes to continue the wars.
          • However, MPs decided that no finance would be granted until their greivances were addressed
            • They presented their greivances in the Petition of Right.
              • No taxation without Parliament consent (so he can't keep them dissolved).
              • No imprisonment without shown cause (5 knights case).
              • No billeting of soldiers or sailors upon householders against their will.  (not forcing people to take soliders into their house).
              • No Martial Law to punish ordinary offences by soliders and sailors
              • Desperate for funds, the King accepted in June, but his written reply didn't use the traditional words, hence making the Petition unlawful, thus the Commons insited on a correct responce and later recieved it.
                • Charles' attitude towards the Petition forced the MP's to make a more direct statement of their concerns
                  • The Three Resolutions of 2 March 1629. These denounced Arminianism and encouraged merchants to refuse to pay Tonnage and Pound.
                    • On March 10th Charles dissolved Psrliament and began his Personal Rule.

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