Charles I and Parliament 

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  • Created by: gds99
  • Created on: 30-05-17 16:01
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  • Charles I and Parliament 1625-29
    • Religion
      • Catholic Queen Henrietta Maria = establishing her own court of Catholic advisers
      • C had openly supported Arminianism = promoting Arminian clergy in the Church and offering them positions at court e.g. Richard Montagu
        • Arminainism was a form of Protestantism = it alienated the majority of the political class - those who had economic, social and political influence.
        • Montagu offered place at court
        • C allowed Duke of Buckingham to state his favour for Armenianismat the York House Conference
        • C made the Arminian William Laud the Bishop of London 1628
    • Foreign Policy
      • Charles' foreign policy was a failure (left from James) - 1625 he called P to fund an attack on the Spanish but the raid in Cadiz was a disaster
        • C sought to help Protestant French Huguenots but his forces were  defeated again at La Rochelle 1627
          • Both of these defeats = national humiliation
            • Charles' foreign policy was a failure (left from James) - 1625 he called P to fund an attack on the Spanish but the raid in Cadiz was a disaster
              • C sought to help Protestant French Huguenots but his forces were  defeated again at La Rochelle 1627
                • Both of these defeats = national humiliation
        • P directed their anger towards Buckingham who had overseen the foreign policy - (C refused to have B impeached by P) = WAR WITH SPAIN (due to B)
      • Problems with Government/ Parliament
        • Buckingham
          • 1626 C called P again - issue of subsides was set aside and instead P launched an attack on Buckingham
          • Commons, Lords and Court Rivals whom Buckingham had driven from office all launched an impeachment against B. C dissolved P in order to stop the process of impeachment = and did not have any grant of taxation.
            • C responded by demanding a forced loan from all taxpayers = any who refused were punished by being imprisioned or conscripted into military service
              • This angered P - many saw this as a challenge to the law and existence of P
                • 5 Knights Case: 5 knights refused to pay and were imprisioned and refused bail - they were refused the opportunity to go to court as C had claimed a right to an emergency power of arrest.
                  • Some considered this as a clear indication of Charles' absolutist intentions - the King was taxing without consent and imprisioning as he wished!
      • Finance
        • In order to finance foreign policy C needed to raise additional income through taxation = this needed P approval
        • C inherited an £1m debt, empty treasury, dwindling credit
          • C gained a loan from City of London merchants £60,000 - still not enough = needed P
        • Disagreements began when P refused to grant C the right to collect an excise tax, tonnage and poundage = instead MPs suggested a grant should be made every year = this way C would be required to call P more often
        • 1625 - P agreed to 2 subsides of £140,000 = this was short of the £1m C needed so C asked Commons for more = P refused so in 1626 C dissolved P
      • Confrontation and dissolution 1628-29
        • 5 Knights Case = major confrontation1628 - C summoned P for more funds - C was at war with both France and Spain so had no choice but to summon P to ask for more subsides
          • As a result of the 5 Knights Case = PETITION OF RIGHT 1628
            • The Petition of Right 1628 (as a result of calling P for the 3rd time)
              • P stated that they would not grant C any subsides unless the following were met:
                • There should be no taxation without the permission of P
                • There should be no imprisonment without cause shown
                • There should be no martial law to punish ordinary offences by sailors or soldiers
                • There should be no billeting of soldiers or sailors upon householders against their will
              • Desperate for P help and funds - C accepts the petition June 1628 - but his written reply was different to that of P's.
      • The Petition of Right 1628 (as a result of calling P for the 3rd time)
        • P stated that they would not grant C any subsides unless the following were met:
          • There should be no taxation without the permission of P
          • There should be no imprisonment without cause shown
          • There should be no martial law to punish ordinary offences by sailors or soldiers
          • There should be no billeting of soldiers or sailors upon householders against their will
        • Desperate for P help and funds - C accepts the petition June 1628 - but his written reply was different to that of P's.

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