Carbohydrates - biochemistry
- Created by: HeHeHe24
- Created on: 06-12-19 10:19
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- Carbohydrates
- made up of
- carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- monosaccharides
- pentose
- 5 Carbon molecules
- ribose
- deoxyribose
- properties
- good energy source
- water soluble
- insoluble in non polar solvents
- hexose
- 6 Carbons
- alpha glucose
- OH on bottom right on 1st carbon atom
- beta glucose
- OH on top right on 1st carbon atom
- pentose
- disaccharides
- condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides
- water is released
- straight chained
- forms a 1,4 glycosidic bond
- if branched
- forms a 1,6 glycosidic bond
- maltase
- alpha glucose + alpha glucose
- loss of water
- sucrose
- alpha glucose + fructose
- water is removed
- lactose
- beta galactose + alpha glucose
- removal of water
- cellobiose
- beta glucose + beta glucose
- loss of water
- condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides
- polysaccharides
- large insoluble molecules
- starch (plants)
- amylose
- alpha glucose
- alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- alpha glucose
- long unbranched chain
- less soluble as OH on 2C is inside
- no affect on water potential
- hydrogen bonds cause coiling
- compact
- easily hydrolysed to produce ATP
- Amylopectin
- branched
- alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- alpha glucose
- hydrogen bonds cause coiling
- few branches
- compact
- insoluble
- amylose
- glycogen (animals)
- alpha glucose
- alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
- 1,4 glycosidic bonds are smaller
- less tendency to coil
- more branches = more compact
- good storage molecule
- takes up little space
- easily hydrolysed to glucose to form ATP rapidly
- insoluble
- cellulose
- beta glucose
- straight chained
- each molecule is rotated 180o
- high tensile strength
- glycosidic & hydrogen bonds are strong
- microfibrils - hydrogen bonds
- join to form a macrofibril
- microfibrils - hydrogen bonds
- join to form a macrofibril
- made up of
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