Carbohydrates - biochemistry

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  • Created by: HeHeHe24
  • Created on: 06-12-19 10:19
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  • Carbohydrates
    • made up of
      • carbon
      • hydrogen
      • oxygen
    • monosaccharides
      • pentose
        • 5 Carbon molecules
        • ribose
        • deoxyribose
      • properties
        • good energy source
        • water soluble
        • insoluble in non polar solvents
      • hexose
        • 6 Carbons
        • alpha glucose
          • OH on bottom right on 1st carbon atom
        • beta glucose
          • OH on top right on 1st carbon atom
    • disaccharides
      • condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides
        • water is released
      • straight chained
        • forms a 1,4 glycosidic bond
      • if branched
        • forms a 1,6 glycosidic bond
      • maltase
        • alpha glucose + alpha glucose
        • loss of water
      • sucrose
        • alpha glucose + fructose
        • water is removed
      • lactose
        • beta galactose + alpha glucose
        • removal of water
      • cellobiose
        • beta glucose + beta glucose
        • loss of water
    • polysaccharides
      • large insoluble molecules
      • starch (plants)
        • amylose
          • alpha glucose
          • alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds
            • alpha glucose
          • long unbranched chain
          • less soluble as OH on 2C is inside
            • no affect on water potential
          • hydrogen bonds cause coiling
            • compact
          • easily hydrolysed to produce ATP
        • Amylopectin
          • branched
          • alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
          • alpha glucose
          • hydrogen bonds cause coiling
          • few branches
          • compact
          • insoluble
      • glycogen (animals)
        • alpha glucose
        • alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
        • 1,4 glycosidic bonds are smaller
          • less tendency to coil
        • more branches = more compact
          • good storage molecule
          • takes up little space
          • easily hydrolysed to glucose to form ATP rapidly
        • insoluble
      • cellulose
        • beta glucose
        • straight chained
          • each molecule is rotated 180o
        • high tensile strength
          • glycosidic & hydrogen bonds are strong
          • microfibrils - hydrogen bonds
            • join to form a macrofibril
        • microfibrils - hydrogen bonds
          • join to form a macrofibril

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