A level - Biopsychology
- Created by: Make7M
- Created on: 25-04-18 10:10
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- Biopsychology
- NS
- Specialised network of cells in human body - primary internal communication system
- Collects, processes and responds to information in the environment
- Co-ordinates different organs and cells in the body
- CNS (Central)
- Spinal Cord (Transmits messages to and from the brain to PNS, also involved in reflex actions)
- Brain (Involved in vital functioning, and problem and planning)
- PNS (Peripheral)
- Somatic (Controls action of skeletal muscles)
- Autonomic (Controls unconscious actions, regulates atomic processes)
- Sympathetic (Controls 'fight or flight' preparing body to respond to danger)
- Fight or flight - the way an animal responds to stress as it becomes physiologically aroused to fight or run.
- Inc. heart rate Inc. breathing Dilate pupils Inhibit saliva Inhibit digestion
- Para-sympathetic (Brings body back to normal state after 'fight or flight')
- Dec heart rate Dec breathing Constricts pupils Stimulates saliva production Stimulates digestion
- Sympathetic (Controls 'fight or flight' preparing body to respond to danger)
- Specialised network of cells in human body - primary internal communication system
- Endocrine system
- Works alongside NS, to control vital functioning in the body
- Hormones are secreted into bloodstream and affect any cell body that has a receptor for that particular hormone
- Stressor perceived
- Hypothalamus triggers activity in sympathetic part of ANS
- ANS changes from normal resting state (parasympathetic) to physiologically aroused (sympathetic)
- Adrenaline released from Adrenal Medulla
- Adrenaline triggers physiological changes (inc. heart rate)
- When threat passed, parasympathetic returns body to resting state
- Adrenaline triggers physiological changes (inc. heart rate)
- Adrenaline released from Adrenal Medulla
- ANS changes from normal resting state (parasympathetic) to physiologically aroused (sympathetic)
- Hypothalamus triggers activity in sympathetic part of ANS
- Pituitary (Master) gland
- Regulating Endocrine system
- Adrenal gland
- Facilitate release of Adrenaline
- Testes
- Facilitate release of Testosterone
- Ovaries
- Facilitate release of Oestrogen
- Works alongside NS, to control vital functioning in the body
- Structure, Function of Neurons
- Transmit signals electrically and chemically in the NS
- Sensory neuron
- Carry messages from PNS to CNS, after receiving information from stimulus
- Relay neuron
- Carry messages in CNS, between other relay neurons, from sensory to motor
- Motor neuron
- Connect CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands)
- Neuron
- Dendrites - receive impulse from other neurons, directing towards cell body
- Nucleus - genetic material of cell
- Axon
- Myelin Sheath - protect axon, speed up impulse
- Shwann cell
- Node of Ranvier - speed up transmission
- Cell body
- Terminal buttons - send impulse to next neuron
- Stimulus
- Receptor - sensory neurons send message to CNS
- CNS - relay neurons transmit message across CNS, making sense of message
- Effectors - motor neurons send message to effectors
- Response
- Effectors - motor neurons send message to effectors
- CNS - relay neurons transmit message across CNS, making sense of message
- Receptor - sensory neurons send message to CNS
- Synaptic transmission
- Neurons communicate within neural networks
- Neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory
- If Excitatory
- The post synaptic neuron is more likely to fire
- As the neurotransmitter causes an electrical change in the membrane of the cell
- Resulting in an EPSP (Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential) - making post synaptic cell more likely to fire
- As the neurotransmitter causes an electrical change in the membrane of the cell
- The post synaptic neuron is more likely to fire
- If Inhibitory
- The post synaptic neuron is less likely to fire
- As the inhibitory neurotransmitter causes IPSP (Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential) - making post synaptic cell less likely to fire
- The post synaptic neuron is less likely to fire
- Nerve cells can receive both EPSP and IPSP simultaneously
- If Excitatory
- Stimulus causes action potential in neuron
- Neuron releases neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles
- Neurotransmitters travel across synapse and are received by receptors
- Neurotransmitter has either excitatory or inhibitory effect on next neuron
- Neurotransmitters travel across synapse and are received by receptors
- Neuron releases neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles
- NS
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