Biopsychology

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What are the main functions of the nervous system?
To collect, process and respond to information.
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What is the nervous system split into?
Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
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Name the 2 aspects of the central nervous system...
Spinal cord and brain.
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What are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic and Autonomic.
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What does the autonomic nervous system control?
Heart rate and breathing.
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What does the somatic nervous system control?
Muscle movement.
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What system works alongisde the nervous system?
The endocrine system.
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How many glands are involved in the endocrine system?
9.
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Name the 9 glands involved in the endocrine system...
Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas and Ovaries/Testes.
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What does the pituitary gland produce?
Hormones that control the pituitary gland.
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What's another name for the hypothalamus?
Master Gland.
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What hormone does the PIneal gland produce?
Melatonin.
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What does the Thyroid gland control?
Metabolic rate.
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What does the Parathyroid gland do?
Helps control the levels of minerals such as calcium in the body.
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What does the thymus do?
Regulates the immune system.
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What does the adrenal gland produce?
Adrenaline.
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What does the pancreas do?
Releases the hormone insulin and glucagon.
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What do the ovaries/testes do?
Produce sex hormones.
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How many types of neurones are in the body?
3.
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What are the 3 types of neurons in the body?
Sensory, Relay and Motor.
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Outline sensory neurons...
carries information from the sensory receptor cells throughout the body to the brain.
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Outline relay neurons...
transfers the messages from the sensory neurons to the motor neurons.
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Outline motor neurons...
transmit the information from the brain to the muscles of the body.
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What is found at each point of when a motor neuron meets a muscle?
ACH (Acetylcholine).
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How many parts of a neuron are there?
5.
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What are the 5 parts of a neuron?
Nodes of Ranvier, Axon Terminals, Soma, Dendrites and Mylein Sheath.
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What do Nodes of Ranvier do?
Enable the impulse to speed up so it is able to jump the gap and it therefore gains more speed.
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What does the Soma contain?
Nucleus.
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What is the Mylein Sheath?
This is a fatty layer which protects the axon and enables the electric impulse to speed up the transmission of the impulse.
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What do Axon Terminals do?
The axon terminals communicate with the next neuron in the chain and crosses the information over the synapse.
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What do Dendrites recieve?
Information from other neurons and transmit electrical stimulation to the soma.
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What is a synapse?
The meeting point between 2 neurons.
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What are the 2 forms of neurotransmitters?
Excitorary and Inhibitorary.
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Name an Excitorary neurotransmitter...
Adrenaline.
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Name an Inhibitorary neurotransmitter...
Serotonin.
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What are the 5 main areas of a synapse?
Axon, Neurotransmitter Vesicles In The Axon Terminal, Neurotransmitter In The Synaptic Cleft, Postsynaptic Membrane and Dendrites.
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Name 5 hormones...
Adrenaline, ACH, Dopamine, Serotonin and Norepinephrine.
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What 2 systems does the fight or flight response use?
The Endocrine system and The Autonomic nervous system
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What is the main hormone used in the fight or flight reponse?
Adrenaline.
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Outline the fight or flight reponse...
When a stressor is recognised the Hypothalamus triggers the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. Which then changes from its resting state (parasympathetic) to the physiologically aroused (sympathetic) state. The hormone adrenaline is re
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Whatare the 2 forms of stress?
Chronic and Acute.
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Outline Chronic stress...
Long term stress.
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Outline Acute stress...
Short term stress.
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What are the 3 concentric layers?
Cerebrum, Limbic System and the Central Core.
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What does the Cerebrum regulate?
Higher intellectual processes.
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What does the Limbic System regulate?
Emotions.
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What does the Central Core contain?
hypothalamus, primitive brain and controls our involuntary actions and maintains homeostasis.
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Outline Broca's area...
Responsible for speech located in the frontal lobe, if damaged it leads to aphasia.
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Outline Wernicke's area...
Responsible for language within the temporal lobe. He found that damage to this area would result in the use of nonsense words as a part of speech.
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Breifly explain Sperrys research...
Used case studies and experiments, Split brains, Epilepsy, Corpus Callosum, 11 participants, 4 conditions.
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What is meant by the term Plasticity?
The brains ability to alter its structure and function depending on changes within the environment.
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Outline fMRI's...
3D scans that give structural and functional information. They show changes in brain activity when it happens.
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Outline EEG's...
Show the electrical activity of the brain, electrodes are placed on the scalp and the electrical activity of the brain is measured for a period of time. They produce wave patterns that represent different levels of arousal and consciousness.
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Outline ERP's...
ERPs show electrical activity in the brain in response to a stimulus.
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Outline Post Mortems...
Dissecting the brain of a dead person to determine the internal structure of the brain. Any structural abnormalities of the brains internal structure could explain any medical conditions the individual has during their life.
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Whatare the 3 biological Rhythms?
Circadian, Infradian and Ultradian.
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Outline the circadian rhythm...
Cycles that occur once every 24 hours such as the sleep wake cycle.
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Outline the Infradian rhythm...
Cycles that occur less than once every day for example the menstrual cycle.
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Outline the Ultradian Rhythm...
Cycles that occur more than once every 24 hours such as the stages of the sleep wake cycle (light and deep sleep).
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Outline Endogenous Pacemakers...
Mechanisms within the body that govern the internal, biological rhythms.
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Outline Exogenous Zietgebers...
An environmental cue such as light that helps regulate the biological clock.
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Explain the SAM...
The SAM mainly focuses on acute stressors. It does this through the sympathetic nervous system, which releases adrenaline into the bloodstream, when a stressor is detected. This adrenaline then prepares the body for the fight or flight response, it d
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Explain the HPA...
When the HPA detects a stressor the hypothalamus releases corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH). This then stimulates the anterior pituitary gland which releases adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) into the bloodstream. The ACTH travels through the
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Explain the GAS...
Selye believed that the adaptation to stressors occurred through 3 stages. Alarm reaction is the first stage, in which a stressor travels through the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system. It then stimulates the adrenal medulla which leads into
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What does GAS Stand for?
General Adaptation Syndrome.
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What does SAm stand for?
Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary system.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the nervous system split into?

Back

Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Card 3

Front

Name the 2 aspects of the central nervous system...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the 2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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