Biopsychology

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  • Created by: Abby0405
  • Created on: 18-12-18 18:58
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Governs the brain's involuntary actions (such as heartbeat, stress, etc). It is divided into the sympathetic branch and parasympathetic branch.
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Brain
It is responsible for coordinating sensation, intellectual and nervous activity.
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
It comprises of the brain and the spinal cord and it receives information from the senses and controls the body's responses.
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Peripheral Nervous System
The part of the nervous system that is outside of the brain and the spinal cord.
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Somatic Nervous System
The part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to and from the CNS.
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Spinal Cord
A bundle of nerve fibres within the spinal column that connect to nearly all parts of the body and brain.
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Motor Neurons
They form synapses with muscles and control their contractions.
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Neurotransmitter
Chemical substances that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse.
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Relay Neurons
They are the most common type of neuron in the CNS. They allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate with each other.
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Sensory Neurons
They carry neurons from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and the brain.
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Synapse
The conjunction of the end of the axon of a neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another.
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Synaptic Transmission
This is the process of a nerve impulse passing across the synaptic cleft from one neuron (pre) to another (post).
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Endrocrine Glands
This is a special group of glands within the endocrine system, who produce and secrete hormones.
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Endocrine System
This is a network of glands throughout the body that manufacture and secrete hormones (chemical messengers).
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Hormones
Chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream influencing processes such as mood, stress response and bonding between mother and baby.
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Pituitary Gland
The 'master gland' which influences the release of other hormones from other glands.
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Fight or Flight Response
A sequence of activity that is triggered when the body prepares itself for defending/attacking or running away. This activity involves changes in the nervous system that are necessary to sustain arousal.
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HPA Axis
The sequence of bodily activity in response to stress that involves the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal cortex.
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Broca's Area
An area in the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere that is responsible for speech production
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Localisation of Function
The belief that specific areas of the brain have specific functions and cognitive processes.
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Motor Cortex
A region in the brain that is responsible for the generation of voluntary motor movements.
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Somatosensory Cortex
A region in the brain that processes input from sensory receptors in the body that are sensitive to touch.
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Wernicke's Area
An area in the temporal lobe that is responsible for understanding language.
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Hemispheric Lateralisation
Mental processes that are mainly specialised to either the left or right hemisphere.
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Split-brain Research
Research that studies individuals who have had the surgical seperation of the two hemispheres of the brain as a result of severing the corpus callosum.
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Brain Plasticity
The brain's ability to modify its own structure and function as a result of experience.
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Functional Recovery
The ability and mental processes that have been compromised as a result of brain injuryt or disease.
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Electroencephalogram (EEG)
A method of recording changes in the electrical activity of the brain using electrodes attached to the scalp.
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Event-related Potential
It takes raw EEG data and uses it to investigate cognitive processing of a specific event. It takes multiple readings and averages them to filter out the brain activity that is not related to the stimulus.
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Measures brain brain activity by detecting changes in blood oxygenation and flow that indicate increased neural activity.
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Post-mortem Examinations
Examining the brains of people who have shown particular psychological abnormalities prior to their death in an attempt to establish the possible neurobiological cause for this behaviour.
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Circadian Rhythm
A pattern of behaviour that occurs or recurs approximately every 24 hours, and is set and reset by environmental light levels.
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Sleep-wake Cycle
Alternating states of sleep and waking that are dependent on 24 hour circadian cycle.
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Infradian Rhythm
Rhythms that have a duration of over 24 hours, and may be weekly, monthly or even annually.
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Ultradian Rhythm
Cycles that last less than 24 hours, such as the cycle of sleep stages that occur throughout the night.
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Endogenous Pacemakers
Mechanisms within the body that govern the internal, biological bodily rhythms.
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Exogenous Zeitgeber
An environmental cue, such as light, that helps to regulate the biological clock in an organism.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

It is responsible for coordinating sensation, intellectual and nervous activity.

Back

Brain

Card 3

Front

It comprises of the brain and the spinal cord and it receives information from the senses and controls the body's responses.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The part of the nervous system that is outside of the brain and the spinal cord.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to and from the CNS.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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