Biology Chapter 3 - Part 1
- Created by: elliebaxter
- Created on: 05-01-17 11:55
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- Biology Chapter 3 - Part 1
- Carbs, lipids and proteins
- Carbs are made up of units of sugar
- Simple sugars: Glucose - 1 unit of sugar Sucrose - 2 units linked
- Complex carbs: Starch and cellulose - long chains of simple sugar units bonded together
- Test for carbs: -Iodine for starch (orange to black)-Benedict's test for glucose (blue to orange)
- Lipids - 3 molecules of fatty acids linked to a molecule of glycerol
- Test for lipids: - ethanol (clear to white)
- Proteins - long chains of amino acids joined by peptide links
- The long chains are folded to form a specific shape but other molecules can fit in these
- Shape changes if protein is heated, protein is denatured
- Proteins are hormones, antibodies, enzymes and the structural components of tissues (muscles)
- Shape changes if protein is heated, protein is denatured
- Test for protein: -Biuret test (blue to violet)
- The long chains are folded to form a specific shape but other molecules can fit in these
- Carbs are made up of units of sugar
- Catalysts and enzymes
- Chemical reactions in cells are controlled by proteins called enzymes (biological catalysts)
- Enzymes are large proteins with a particular shape and an area where other molecules fit (active site)
- The substrate in the reaction is held in the active site and can be broken down
- Enzymes are large proteins with a particular shape and an area where other molecules fit (active site)
- Enzymes can: -build large molecules from smaller ones eg. building starch from glucose molecules
- - change 1 molecule into another eg. 1 sugar into another
- - break down large molecules into small ones eg. digestive enzymes
- Chemical reactions in cells are controlled by proteins called enzymes (biological catalysts)
- Carbs, lipids and proteins
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