Bio paper 2 mock blurt
- Created by: Emilyburkee
- Created on: 17-03-21 11:09
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- Bio mock paper 2 blurt
- LDR reactions
- photoionisation
- light energy is absorbed by the photosystem
- this excites electrons causing them to leave and be passed to diff carrier moles in REDOX reactions
- the redox reactions provide energy for production of ATP
- energy from REDOX allows H protons to be actively pumped across thylakoid membrane
- diffuse back in via ATP synthase
- energy from REDOX allows H protons to be actively pumped across thylakoid membrane
- some of the electrons go on to reduce NADP
- light energy is absorbed by the photosystem
- agriculture
- limiting factors
- reduce growth and photosytheisis
- farmers and place crops in enviroment with high temp and right PH
- also high light intensity
- use of fertilisers
- natural = made from dead or decomposing organic matter
- artificial = mined to have specific propites
- replace minerals lost in soil when plants are harvested
- productivity
- GPP= total chemical energy store in biomass before respiration
- Biomass- total living material in a given area at a given time
- dry mass of carbon
- diff indiv have diff water contents
- calorimitry
- burn in o2 + measure change in temp of water to work out Q
- calorimitry
- diff indiv have diff water contents
- dry mass of carbon
- limiting factors
- photoionisation
- Untitled
- Oxidative phosphorilation in respiration
- LDR reactions
- photoionisation
- light energy is absorbed by the photosystem
- this excites electrons causing them to leave and be passed to diff carrier moles in REDOX reactions
- the redox reactions provide energy for production of ATP
- energy from REDOX allows H protons to be actively pumped across thylakoid membrane
- diffuse back in via ATP synthase
- energy from REDOX allows H protons to be actively pumped across thylakoid membrane
- some of the electrons go on to reduce NADP
- light energy is absorbed by the photosystem
- agriculture
- limiting factors
- reduce growth and photosytheisis
- farmers and place crops in enviroment with high temp and right PH
- also high light intensity
- use of fertilisers
- natural = made from dead or decomposing organic matter
- artificial = mined to have specific propites
- replace minerals lost in soil when plants are harvested
- productivity
- GPP= total chemical energy store in biomass before respiration
- Biomass- total living material in a given area at a given time
- dry mass of carbon
- diff indiv have diff water contents
- calorimitry
- burn in o2 + measure change in temp of water to work out Q
- calorimitry
- diff indiv have diff water contents
- dry mass of carbon
- limiting factors
- photoionisation
- electrons from NADH and FADH pass down ETC
- associating then unassoiating to carrier proteins in redox reactions
- eventually accepted by O2
- relases energy
- this energy allows for H protons to be actively pumped outof the mitocondrial matrix
- diffuse back in via ATP synthase - chnage in sturcure
- condenses ADP+Pi to ATP
- diffuse back in via ATP synthase - chnage in sturcure
- this energy allows for H protons to be actively pumped outof the mitocondrial matrix
- associating then unassoiating to carrier proteins in redox reactions
- respiring lipids and proteins
- Lipids
- hydrolysed to glycerol which is then phosphorylated and turned to TP
- fatty acids are broken down into actcetal CoA
- ENTERS KERBS
- PRODUCES LOTS OF h
- ENTERS KERBS
- fatty acids are broken down into actcetal CoA
- hydrolysed to glycerol which is then phosphorylated and turned to TP
- PROTEINS
- hydorlised into amino acids and R group removed
- enter as pyruvate or in KREBS
- hydorlised into amino acids and R group removed
- Lipids
- LDR reactions
- The human retina
- rods
- rodopisn- low intesnites
- low audity
- multiple are connected to one bipolar neurone
- cones
- high audicity
- connected to its own bipolar neurone
- idopsin = requires higher light intesitys to break down
- see in colour
- high audicity
- rods
- control of heart reate
- SA-non-AV- bundle of his-purkenji firbes
- chemoreceptors
- low PH due to co2
- increased signals form receptors to meduella oblegata
- increased signals via sympathetic nerves
- increase dp of san
- increased signals via sympathetic nerves
- increased signals form receptors to meduella oblegata
- low PH due to co2
- barioreceptors
- increase BP
- increased signals to meduella oblegata
- increased signals down parasympatheic nerve
- decreased dp of san
- increased signals down parasympatheic nerve
- increased signals to meduella oblegata
- increase BP
- SYNAPSES
- AP arrvies
- Ca channels openand Ca diffuses in
- causes vesicles with NT to move and fuse with membrane
- NT relased and diffuses across synaptic cleft
- binds to ligin gated NA channels and opens them
- NA diffuses in to post s neurone
- ap induced and NT broken down
- NA diffuses in to post s neurone
- binds to ligin gated NA channels and opens them
- NT relased and diffuses across synaptic cleft
- causes vesicles with NT to move and fuse with membrane
- Ca channels openand Ca diffuses in
- inhibition
- binding of NT = cl channels open
- causes K channels to open
- becomes hyper-polarised
- causes K channels to open
- binding of NT = cl channels open
- AP arrvies
- Inheritance
- genotype =genetic consruction of the organisim
- phenotype= presented characterises as a result of evn and gen factors
- locus = position of gene on organism
- co dom= both are presented
- sex linkaged = gene on X chromosome
- autosomal linkage
- is close in postion on chromosome - inherited together if no crossing over
- 9:3:3:1
- sex linkaged = gene on X chromosome
- autosomal linkage
- is close in postion on chromosome - inherited together if no crossing over
- 9:3:3:1
- co dom= both are presented
- 9:3:3:1
- is close in postion on chromosome - inherited together if no crossing over
- autosomal linkage
- sex linkaged = gene on X chromosome
- 9:3:3:1
- is close in postion on chromosome - inherited together if no crossing over
- autosomal linkage
- episatisis
- one trait is masked by another
- 9:4:3
- one trait is masked by another
- hardy-weinberg
- predicts frequency of ressecive and dom alleses in a pop
- no mutation, no migration, no selection, random mating and large pop
- Evolution
- mutaion leads to variation
- some = better suited
- out compete others for reasoures
- increase changes of survival
- incrase chances of reporducing and passing on alleles
- allele f increases
- = the frequency at which an allele appers in a given population
- allele f increases
- incrase chances of reporducing and passing on alleles
- increase changes of survival
- out compete others for reasoures
- meosis produces new combos of genes
- some = better suited
- population
- carrying capacity
- the max pop an ecosystem can support
- finite reasources
- no pop can increase forever
- if abiotic factors are favourable then pop will increase
- competion
- intraspecific
- same species - compete for mates and other reasources
- determines pop size
- same species - compete for mates and other reasources
- interspecific
- diff species
- some will out compete other's
- diff species
- predication
- if preditors have abundance of pray to eat - will increase in pop
- this decreases siz of prey pop
- less food = preditor pop decreases
- less preditors = more prey
- predication
- if preditors have abundance of pray to eat - will increase in pop
- this decreases siz of prey pop
- less food = preditor pop decreases
- less preditors = more prey
- less preditors = more prey
- less food = preditor pop decreases
- this decreases siz of prey pop
- if preditors have abundance of pray to eat - will increase in pop
- predication
- less preditors = more prey
- less food = preditor pop decreases
- this decreases siz of prey pop
- if preditors have abundance of pray to eat - will increase in pop
- intraspecific
- carrying capacity
- mutaion leads to variation
- control of gene expression
- mutaion of a gene can result in diff A.A being coded for resulting in a diff or non-func protein
- as DNA is degenerte can result in same A.A
- translation factors
- bind to DNA and initiate transcription or can inhibit transcription
- oestrogen
- lipid soluble so moves through membrane
- binds to TF changing its shape
- actives it
- binds to DNA and initates transcription
- actives it
- binds to TF changing its shape
- lipid soluble so moves through membrane
- epigenetics
- histones - DNA= coiled around - can be loss = easy to transcribe or tight
- increased methylation results in tight coiling- target gene cant be transcribes
- if tumor supressor gene = methylated = not transcribed resulting in uncrontolled cell divison
- acteticltion = looser so gene can be more easily transcribed
- increased methylation results in tight coiling- target gene cant be transcribes
- histones - DNA= coiled around - can be loss = easy to transcribe or tight
- mutaion of a gene can result in diff A.A being coded for resulting in a diff or non-func protein
- LDR reactions
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