Behaviourist explanation of dysfunctional behaviour
- Created on: 31-05-16 12:37
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- Behaviourist explanation of DB
- Classical conditioning
- Learning through association
- For example, someone with a phobia might learn to associate something negative with a different factor
- This could be small spaces and a difficulty to breathe - resulting in claustrophobia
- For example, someone with a phobia might learn to associate something negative with a different factor
- Pavlov: dog shown food - then shown food with bell - then just heard the bell - dog salivated
- This is because the dog had to learn to associate the bell with food
- Learning through association
- Operant conditioning
- Learning through reinforcement
- Rewards determine which behaviours are learned
- Skinner
- Rat stood on lever in 'Skinner box' that released food pellets - eventually learned that sitting on lever would result in a reward
- Same can be said for for dysfunctional behaviours: bad behaviour = attention = reward
- For example, schizophrenics gain attention from mental health nurses for delusional speech (Iman and Krasner)
- Learning through reinforcement
- Social learning theory
- OCD - ritualistic behaviour is modelled to the individual, for example through a friend or family member making sure all their pens are facing the same direction, so they begin to copy it thinking it is normal
- Watson + Raynor
- Aim: to see if a conditioned response could be created in a previously normal child
- Participant: 'calm' 9 month old, Albert
- Procedure + findings: Albert had a fear response to an iron bar being struck behind his head
- Shown rat alone - then rat and loud noise - then rat - then rat and loud noise. He then cried when he saw the rat alone.
- In the next session, Albert played with some toys, but cried and moved away from stimulus materials (rat, rabbit)
- Following this, he was brought back after 5 days and showed a weaker fear response. The fear was reintroduced to him.
- Continued to show fear after a month
- Conclusion: phobias can be induced by classical conditioning
- Continued to show fear after a month
- Following this, he was brought back after 5 days and showed a weaker fear response. The fear was reintroduced to him.
- In the next session, Albert played with some toys, but cried and moved away from stimulus materials (rat, rabbit)
- Shown rat alone - then rat and loud noise - then rat - then rat and loud noise. He then cried when he saw the rat alone.
- Procedure + findings: Albert had a fear response to an iron bar being struck behind his head
- Participant: 'calm' 9 month old, Albert
- Aim: to see if a conditioned response could be created in a previously normal child
- Classical conditioning
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