A city which has grown so large that it merges with others to form a city region. E.G. Tokyo's region now includes Yokohama.
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CBD
Central Business District
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Community-focused Regeneration
Where regeneration focuses on the needs of communities e.g. housing
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Conurbation
The growth of a city such that it engulfs other towns or cities, to form a continuous urban area.
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Core and Periphery
Theory that shows how different economic development between regions leads to a prosperous 'core' region and a poorer 'periphery'.
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Counter-Urbanisation
The processes that lead to people moving away from cities, which in net terms may lead to a decrease in a city's population.
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De-centralisation
The processes by which the retailing industry in cities moves to more spacious out-of-town locations.
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De-industrialisation
The decline of industry.
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Donut City
Term used in the US, describes cities where de-population of the inner core and movement of businesses away from the city centre, leaving behind a 'hole' or inactive city centre.
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Dormitory Settlements
Suburban communities in which people sleep between workdays; with lower populations by day than night.
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Edge cities
Describes suburban growth away from major cities. These areas take functions of cities as more and more people and businesses move out of traditional urban areas.
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Ethnic Enclaves
Communities of people from similar cultural or ethnic backgrounds.
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Gentrification
The improvement of urban areas by individual property owners, which usually leads to increased commercial activity in local retail areas.
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Growth poles
Centres of economic growth around which further growth occurs.
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Hyper-urbanisation
Where a city's growth greatly exceeds its ability to cope in terms of housing, employment or services.
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Informal employment
Unofficial employment, unregistered tax; it is usually irregular, with little security, e.g. street trading.
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Infrastructure
The structures and services that allow places to function effectively e.g. transport, water etc.
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Property-led Regeneration
Regeneration led by property developers and financiers with little input from government except the creation of opportunities or tax breaks.
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Mega-City
Term for any city over 10 million people.
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Megalopolis
A huge urban area, used to describe areas larger than mega-cities.
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Metropolitan area
The administrative urban area of a city.
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Millionaire city
A city over 1 million people.
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Multiplier effect
An upward spiral of development, so that one economic activity leads to the development of others.
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Knowledge economy
Based on creativity and specialised expertise in finance, media, and management, rather than manufacturing.
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Out-of-town Shopping Centres
Major retail centres built away from cities.
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Post-industrial economy
Economic development which focuses upon services and the knowledge economy, rather than manufacturing.
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Re-branding
Ways in which regenration deliberatley aims to improve perceptions of an area's status or reputation.
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Regeneration
The process of urban or rural improvement, which may be economic, social, or environmental in nature.
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Retail led-regeneration
Regeneration brought by improvements in retail space designed to attract shoppers.
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Re-urbanisation
The processes by which urban populations increase following a period of decline.
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rural-urban migration
The movement of people from rural to urban areas
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Shanty town or Favela
Any informal settlement on spare land which may or may not be legal.
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Social segregation
The way in which suburbs of different income and social status emerge apart from each other.
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Sports led regeneration
Regeneration which focuses on the benefits brought by sports events.
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Squatters
Illegal occupants of property.
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Suburbanisation
The growth of suburbs
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Urban
A term used when describing a town or a city.
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Urban region
The area over which a city exerts influence within its country, which is larger than its metropolitan area.
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Urban Smog
A mix of naturally occuring fog and air pollution or smoke in urban areas, cause health problems.
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Urbanisation
The increasing percentage of people living in urban areas.
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World City
A city which plays a disproportionately important role in the global economic system.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Central Business District
Back
CBD
Card 3
Front
Where regeneration focuses on the needs of communities e.g. housing
Back
Card 4
Front
The growth of a city such that it engulfs other towns or cities, to form a continuous urban area.
Back
Card 5
Front
Theory that shows how different economic development between regions leads to a prosperous 'core' region and a poorer 'periphery'.
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