Vision

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Sensory Receptor
Specialized neuron that detects a particular category of physical events
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Sensory Transduction
Process by which sensory stimuli are transduced into slow, graded receptor potentials
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Receptor Potential
Slow, graded electrical potential produced by receptor cell in response to physical stimulus
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Hue
Perceptual dimension of colour; dominant wavelength
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Brightness
Perceptual dimension of colour; intensity
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Saturation
Perceptual dimension of colour; purity
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Vergence Movement
Cooperative movement of the eyes, which ensures that the image of an object falls on identical portion of both retinas.
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Saccadic Movement
Rapid jerky movement of the eyes used in scanning a visual scene
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Pursuit Movement
Movement that the eyes make to maintain an image of a moving object on the fovea
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Accomodation
Changes in thickness of lens of eye, accomplished by ciliary muscles, that focus images of near or distant objects on the retina.
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Retina
The neural tissue and photoreceptive cells located on the inner surface of the posterior portion of the eye
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Rod
One of the receptor cells of the retina sensitive to light of low intensity
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Cone
One of the receptor cells of the retina; maximally sensitive to one of three different wavelengths of light hence encodes colour vision
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Photoreceptor
One of receptor cells of the retina; transduces photic energy into electrical potentials
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Fovea
Region of the retina that mediates the most acute vision of birds and higher mammals. Colour sensitive cones constitute the only type of photoreceptor found in fovea
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Optic Disk
Location of exit point from retina of the fibers of ganglion cells that form optic nerve; responsible for blind spot
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Bipolar Cell
Neuron located in middle layer of retina, conveying info from photoreceptors to the ganglion cells
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Ganglion Cell
Neuron located in the retina that recieves visual info from bipolar cells; its axons give rise to the optic nerve.
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Horizontal Cell
Neuron in retina that interconnects adjacent photoreceptors and the outer processes of the bipolar cells
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Amacrine Cell
Neuron in retina interconnects adjacent ganglion cells and inner processes of the bipolar cells
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Lamella
Layer of membrane containing photopigments found in rods and cones of retina
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Photopigment
Protein dye bonded to retinal, substance derived from vitamin A; responsible for transduction of visual information
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Opsin
Class of protein that together with retinal constitutes the photopigments
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Retinal
A chemical synthesized from vitamin A; joins with opsin to form a photopigment
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Rhodopsin
Particular opsin found in rods
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Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)
Group of cell bodies within lateral geniculate body of thalamus; recieves input from retina and projects to primary visual cortex
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Magnocellular Layer
One of inner two layers of neurons in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; transmits info necessary for perception of form, movement, depth
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Parvocellular layer
One of four outer layers of neurons in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus; transmits info necessary for perception of colour and fine details to primary visual cortex
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Koniocellular sublayer
One of sublayers of neurons in LGN found ventral to each of magno and parvo layers; transmits info from short wavelength cones to primary visual cortex
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Calcarine Fissure
Horizontal fissure on the inner surface of the posterior cerebral cortex; the location of the primary visual cortex.
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Striate Cortex
Primary Visual Cortex
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Optic Chiasm
Cross shaped connection between optic nerves located below base of brain just anterior to pituitary gland
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Receptive Field
Portion of visual field in which presentation of visual stimuli will produce an alteration in firing rate of a particular neuron
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Simple Cell
Orientation sensitive neuron in striate cortex
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Complex Cell
Neuron in cortex responds to line segment with a particular orientation
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Hypercomplex Cell
Neuron in visual field that response to line segment with particular orientation that ends at particular point in receptive field
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Retinal Disparity
Fact that points on objects located at different distances from observer will fall on slightly different locations on two retinas; provides basis for stereopsis
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Cytochrome oxidase (CO) blob
Central region of module of visual cortex revealed by stain for CO containing wavelength sensitive neurons; part of parvocellular system
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Ocular Dominance
Extent to which particular neuron recieves more input from one eye than the other
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Dorsal Stream
Region of VC involved in perception of spatial location, from striate cortex to posterior Parietal cortex
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Ventral Stream
System of interconnected regions of visual cortex involved in perception of form, striate cortex to inferior temporal cortex
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Achromatopsia
Inability to discriminate between hues, caused by damage to V8
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Visual Agnosia
Defecits in visual perception
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Prosopagnosia
Failure to recognise particular people by sight of their faces
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Fusiform Face Area (FFA)
Involved in perception of faces and other complex objects that require expertise to recognise
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Akinetopsia
Inability to percieve movement, damage to V5
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Process by which sensory stimuli are transduced into slow, graded receptor potentials

Back

Sensory Transduction

Card 3

Front

Slow, graded electrical potential produced by receptor cell in response to physical stimulus

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Perceptual dimension of colour; dominant wavelength

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Perceptual dimension of colour; intensity

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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