Vision that is shaped by how eye movements process information, which are the first and last step in seeing. Only relevant information is processed in a bottom-up fashion.
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What is passive vision?
Vision that is the recipient of information to form a mental representation of the world. It implies there is a large amount of neural input, and utilises top-down processing.
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What does studying eye movements give information about?
The role of internal structures
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What is the function of cone cells?
Colour perception
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What does rhodopsin make rod cells good at?
Functioning in low light
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Which are involuntary eye movements?
Vestibular occular reflex (stabilisation of retina) & opto-kinetic reflex (tracking of motion when head is stationary)
What does the Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation do?
Control horizontal saccades and gaze
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What does the Superior Colliculus do in vision?
Maps visual space and contains build-up, fixation and burst cells
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What does damage to the Cerebellum cause?
Movement disorders - oscillations of the eyes and veering
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What does damage to the Colliculus cause?
Failure to orient toward objects in the same hemisphere as the damage
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What does area V5 do?
Motion processing which is not specific to the visual system
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What did Freud et al., (2016) research?
Lesions to the posterior parietal cortex, which is part of the dorsal pathway, causes 3D perceptual and structural deficits
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What were the findings of Ajina et al., (2015)
Patients with damage to v1 can still display blindsight via a sub-cortical pathway from the LGN to area v5
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What is another name for the Ventral pathway?
Parvocellular/What pathway
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What is the role of the Ventral pathway in vision?
(Slow) Conscious perception and interpretation, via comparison with memory and allocation of meaning.
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Which brain areas are associated with the Ventral pathway?
The PVC, prestriate area & inferotemporal cortex
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What is another name for the Dorsal pathway?
Magnocellular/Where pathway
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What is the role of the Dorsal pathway in vision?
(Fast) Visuo-motor behaviours for adaptation and reaction, including information on the size and location of objects
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Which brain areas are associated with the Dorsal pathway?
The PVC, prestriate area & posterior parietal cortex
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What does damage to the Dorsal pathway cause?
Optic ataxia (difficulty reaching)
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Who found that magnocellular (dorsal) pathway deficit impairs motor perception and may cause dyslexia?
Gori et al., (2016)
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What did Tamietto & Morrone (2016) suggest?
Blindsight provides a model which integrates subcortical structures which the dorsal and ventral pathways ignore
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What did Takemura et al., (2016) find?
There is a major white matter pathway called the Vertical Occipital Fasciculus (VOF) which allows the dorsal and ventral pathways to interact and combine information about object and spatial properties
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What was wrong with patient AI?
They could not perform any eye movements but had no marked deficits - a major issue for active vision theory
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What does frontal lobe damage cause?
Inability to control saccidic impulses
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What can be defined as a failure to orient to objects on one side of visual space, as a result of inability to make saccades?
Visual neglect
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What is the neurobiological explanation of blindsight?
A dissociation between awareness and saccade targeting - individuals not conscious of what they see
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is passive vision?
Back
Vision that is the recipient of information to form a mental representation of the world. It implies there is a large amount of neural input, and utilises top-down processing.
Card 3
Front
What does studying eye movements give information about?
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