Vision

sensory receptor

specialised neuron that detects a particular category of physical events

1 of 57

sensory transduction

process sensory stimuli are transduced into slow, graded receptor potentials

2 of 57

receptor potential

slow, graded electrical potential produced by a receptor cell in response to a physical stimulus

3 of 57

hue

one of the perceptual dimensions of colour; the dominant wavelength

4 of 57

brightness

one of the perceptual dimensions of colour; intensity

5 of 57

saturation

one of the perceptual dimensions of colour; purity

6 of 57

saccadic movement

the rapid, jerky movement of the eyes used in scanning a visual scene

7 of 57

pursuit movement

the movement that the eyes make to maintain an image of a moving object on the fovea

8 of 57

accommodation

changes in the thickness of the lens of the eye accomplished by the ciliary muscles-that focus images of near/distant objects on the retina

9 of 57

retina

the neural tissue and photoreceptive cells located on the inner surface of the posterior portion of the eye

10 of 57

rod

one of the receptor cells of retina; sensitive to light of low intensity

11 of 57

cone

one of the receptor cells of retina; maximally sensitive to one of 3 different wavelengths of light and hence encodes colour vision

12 of 57

photoreceptor

one of the receptor cells of retina; transduces photic energy into electrical signals

13 of 57

fovea

region of the retina that mediates the most acute vision of birds and higher animals; colour-sensitive cones constitute the only type of photoreceptor found in the fovea

14 of 57

optic disk

location of the exit point from the retina of the fibres of ganglion cells that form the optic nerve; responsible for the blind spot

15 of 57

bipolar cell

bipolar neuron located in the middle layer of retina-conveys info from photoreceptors to ganglion cells

16 of 57

ganglion cell

neuron located in the retina that receives visual info from bipolar cells; its axon gives rise to optic nerve

17 of 57

horizontal cell

neuron in the retina-interconnects adjacent photoreceptors and the outer processes of bipolar cells

18 of 57

amacrine cell

neuron in retina that interconnects adjacent ganglion cells and inner processes of bipolar cells

19 of 57

lamella

a layer of membrane containing photopigments; found in rods and cones of retina

20 of 57

photopigment

portion dye bonded to retinal; substance derived from vitamin A;responsible for transduction of visual info

21 of 57

opsin

class of protein that together with retinal; constitutes the photopigments

22 of 57

retinal

chemical synthesised from vitamin A; joins with opsin to form photopigment

23 of 57

rhodopsin

a particular opsin found in rods

24 of 57

dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

group of cell bodies within the lateral geniculate body of thalamus; receives inputs from retina and projects to primary visual cortex

25 of 57

magnocellular layer

one of the inner two layers of neurons in LGN;transmits info necessary for form, movement, depth, and small difference in brightness to primary visual cortex

26 of 57

parvocellular layer

one of the 4 outer layers of neurons in LGN;transmits info necessary for perception of colour and fine details to primary visual cortex

27 of 57

koniocellular sublayer

one of the sublayers of neurons in LGN found ventral to each of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers; transmits info from short wavelength (blue) cones to primary visual cortex

28 of 57

calcarine fissure

horizontal fissure on inner surface of posterior cerebral cortex; location of primary visual cortex

29 of 57

striate cortex

primary visual cortex

30 of 57

optic chaism

cross shaped connection between optic nerves, located below base of brain-anterior to pituitary gland

31 of 57

receptive field

that portion of the visual field-presentation of visual stimuli-produce an alteration in the firing rte if a specific neuron

32 of 57

trichromatic theory

eye detects different colours as it contains three types of receptors

33 of 57

protanopia

inherited form of defective colour vision-red and green hues are confused; red cones are filled with green cone opsin

34 of 57

deuteranopia

inherited form of defective colour vision-red and green hues are confused; green cones-filled with red cone opsin

35 of 57

tritanopia

inherited form of defective colour vision-hues with short wavelengths are confused ;blue cones-lacking/faulty

36 of 57

simple cell

orientation-senstive neuron in the striate cortex whose receptive field-organised in an opponent fashion

37 of 57

complex cell

neuron in visual cortex that responds to presence of a line segment with a particular orientation located within its receptive field,- especially when the line moves perpendicularly (90 degrees) to its orientation

38 of 57

hypercomplex cell

neuron is visual cortex that responds to presence of a line segment with a particular orientation that ends at a particular point within the cell's receptive field

39 of 57

retinal disparity

fact that points on objects located at different distances from the observer will fall on slightly different locations on the two retinas; provided the basis of stereopsis

40 of 57

stereopsis

the perception of depth produced by the reception in the brain of visual stimuli from both eyes in combination; binocular vision.

41 of 57

cytochrome oxidase (CO) blob

central region of a molecule of primary visual cortex; revealed by a stain for cytochrome oxidase; contains wavelength sensitive neurons; part of parvocellular system

42 of 57

extrastriate cortex

region of the visual association cortex;recives fires from striate cortex and from superior colliculi and projects to the inferior temporal cortex

43 of 57

dorsal stream

System of interconnected regions of visual cortex involved in the perception of spatial location, beginning with striate cortex and ending with posterior partial cortex (receives magnocellular input)

44 of 57

ventral stream

System of interconnected regions of visual cortex involved in the perception of form; beginning with striate cortex and ending with inferior temporal cortex (receives approx. equal input from magnocellular/parvocellular/koniocellular systems)

45 of 57

inferior temporal cortex

the highest level of the ventral stream of the visual association cortex; involved in perception of objects; inc bodies and faces

46 of 57

posterior parietal cortex

highest level of dorsal stream of visual association cortex; involved in perception of movement and spatial location

47 of 57

glob neurons

responsive to colours-weak sensitivity to shapes

48 of 57

interglob neurons

dont respond to colours, but strongly selective to shape

49 of 57

cerebral achromatopsia

inability the discriminate among different hues-caused by damage to area V8 of visual association cortex

50 of 57

visual agnosia

deficits in visual form perception in absence of blindness; caused by brain damage

51 of 57

lateral occipital complex (LOC)

relatively large region of visual association cortex-appears to respond to a vide variety of objets and shapes

52 of 57

prosopagnosia

failed to recognise particular people by their faces

53 of 57

fusiform face area

region of VAC located in inferior temporal ; involved in perception of faces

54 of 57

extrastriate body area (EBA)

region of VAS located in occipitotemporal cortex; involved in perception of human body and body parts other than face

55 of 57

parahippocampal place area (PPA)

region of medial temporal cortex; perception of particular places

56 of 57

akinetopsia

inability to perceive movement caused by damage to area V5 (MST) of VAC

57 of 57

Get Revising

Vision

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar Psychology resources:

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Related discussions on The Student Room

Similar Psychology resources: