What are the 2 types of pleasure Mill believed there are?
Mental (higher) & bodily (lower)
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What is act utilitarianism?
Every situation must be assessed individually for what would bring about the most pleasure/happiness. BENTHAM
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What is rule utilitarianism?
We should create rules which in most cases bring about the most happiness. MILL
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What is preference utilitarianism?
Focuses on preferences rather than what is 'better'. SINGER
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What are the strengths of utilitarianism?
Valid to think about consequences before acting, doesn't support individual pursuits at the expense of others, works on a practical level (government budgets)
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What are the weaknesses of utilitarianism?
Can't measure pain and pleasure, not all pain is bad, if you're in the minority your view isn't considered, MacIntyre: used to justify Nazi racial policy
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