UTI
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- Created by: alice_moore
- Created on: 19-10-22 20:20
what is a UTI?
Infection of any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
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what are the symptoms of a UTI?
- Burning sensation during urination
- Frequent urination
-Frequent urge to urinate, but incomplete voiding
- Pain or pressure in the back or lower abdomen
- Pelvic pain
- Blood in urine
- Cloudy, dark, or strange or strong-smelling urine, mixed with blo
- Frequent urination
-Frequent urge to urinate, but incomplete voiding
- Pain or pressure in the back or lower abdomen
- Pelvic pain
- Blood in urine
- Cloudy, dark, or strange or strong-smelling urine, mixed with blo
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in what way do you diagnose a UTI?
The doctor will first examine the symptoms and note the medical history. The following tests may be recommended to confirm UTI.
Urine analysis: To check for the presence of organisms causing infection.
Urine culture: To check for the type of organism caus
Urine analysis: To check for the presence of organisms causing infection.
Urine culture: To check for the type of organism caus
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how to treat a UTI?
Antibiotics are the first line of treatment. Type of antibiotic, its dosage and duration depends on the type of organism and severity of infection.
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what is dysuria?
a burning pain when passing urine.
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what is New nocturia?
Passing urine more often than usual at night.
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what may a fever indicate in women under 65?
In women aged under 65 years, a temperature of ≥37.9°C may indicate
pyelonephritis or sepsis.
pyelonephritis or sepsis.
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risk factor:
sexual activity
sexual activity
Sexual intercourse is the strongest risk factor
Any lifetime sexual activity and any sexual activity during the past year are
strongly associated with recurrent UTI.
Any lifetime sexual activity and any sexual activity during the past year are
strongly associated with recurrent UTI.
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risk factor:
Spermicide use
Spermicide use
Spermicides, decrease vaginal lactobacilli, which facilitates vaginal Escherichia
coli colonisation and results in an increased risk of UTI
Even the relatively small amounts of spermicide coating condoms increases the
risk of UTI.
coli colonisation and results in an increased risk of UTI
Even the relatively small amounts of spermicide coating condoms increases the
risk of UTI.
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risk factor:
post menopause
post menopause
The absence of oestrogen (consistent with urogenital atrophy, vaginal atrophy,
and also known as genitourinary syndrome of menopause) is a risk factor for
UTIs.
and also known as genitourinary syndrome of menopause) is a risk factor for
UTIs.
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risk factor:
Presence of a foreign body
Presence of a foreign body
Any indwelling catheter or any foreign body (stone, suture, surgical material, or
exposed polypropylene mesh from pelvic surgery) significantly increases risk for
UTI.
exposed polypropylene mesh from pelvic surgery) significantly increases risk for
UTI.
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risk factor - weak:
Insulin-treated diabetes
Insulin-treated diabetes
Considered a more predominant risk factor in older women
High lifetime number of UTIs.
Considered a more predominant risk factor in older women.
High lifetime number of UTIs.
Considered a more predominant risk factor in older women.
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risk factor - weak:
recent antibiotics
recent antibiotics
The recent use of certain antimicrobials may predispose women to UTIs through
their effects on the genitourinary microbiome.
their effects on the genitourinary microbiome.
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risk factor- weak:
poor bladder emptying
poor bladder emptying
Due to either poor detrusor muscle contraction or bladder outlet obstruction
(e.g., secondary to pelvic organ prolapse or a prior anti-incontinence procedure), can lead to urinary stasis, interfering with a person's intrinsic ability
to clear bacteriuri
(e.g., secondary to pelvic organ prolapse or a prior anti-incontinence procedure), can lead to urinary stasis, interfering with a person's intrinsic ability
to clear bacteriuri
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risk factor - weak:
increasing age
increasing age
10% women >70 year have UTIs.
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Key clinical manifestations
Dysuria
Dysuria
Results from irritation of the bladder trigone or urethra. Inflammation or stricture
of the urethra causes difficulties starting urination and burning on urinating.
Urine comes in contact with inflamed mucosa – nociceptors and sensory nerves
stimulated
of the urethra causes difficulties starting urination and burning on urinating.
Urine comes in contact with inflamed mucosa – nociceptors and sensory nerves
stimulated
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key clinical manifestations
Frequency, urgency & incomplete voiding
Frequency, urgency & incomplete voiding
Reduced bladder capacity due to inflammatory oedema causing decreased
compliance and pain due to bladder distension.
compliance and pain due to bladder distension.
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key clinical manifestations
cloudy urine
cloudy urine
Typically comes from discharge of either pus or blood into the urinary tract –
potentially also be a build-up of white blood cells as body tries to eliminate
invading bacteria.
potentially also be a build-up of white blood cells as body tries to eliminate
invading bacteria.
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key clinical manifestations
no fever
no fever
If fever was present: normally, the hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre
maintains the internal temperature between 37° and 38° C. Fever results when
something raises the hypothalamic set point, triggering vasoconstriction and
shunting of blood from th
maintains the internal temperature between 37° and 38° C. Fever results when
something raises the hypothalamic set point, triggering vasoconstriction and
shunting of blood from th
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key clinical manifestations
no flank pain
no flank pain
If present: caused by distention of the ureter or renal pelvis or distention of the
renal capsule, due to inflammatory response following infection.
renal capsule, due to inflammatory response following infection.
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key clinical manifestations
pathophysiology
pathophysiology
The most common route of infection in females is via an ascending pathway.
Colonisation of the vagina may occur first, then ascends into the urinary
tract.Stasis of bladder urine
impairs the defence against infection provided by bladder emptying. While
Colonisation of the vagina may occur first, then ascends into the urinary
tract.Stasis of bladder urine
impairs the defence against infection provided by bladder emptying. While
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what are the symptoms of a UTI?
Back
- Burning sensation during urination
- Frequent urination
-Frequent urge to urinate, but incomplete voiding
- Pain or pressure in the back or lower abdomen
- Pelvic pain
- Blood in urine
- Cloudy, dark, or strange or strong-smelling urine, mixed with blo
- Frequent urination
-Frequent urge to urinate, but incomplete voiding
- Pain or pressure in the back or lower abdomen
- Pelvic pain
- Blood in urine
- Cloudy, dark, or strange or strong-smelling urine, mixed with blo
Card 3
Front
in what way do you diagnose a UTI?
Back
Card 4
Front
how to treat a UTI?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is dysuria?
Back
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