Unit 2 Definitions 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBiodiversity and Physiology of Body SystemsASWJEC Created by: LoomyCreated on: 22-04-14 10:54 Biodiversity A measure of the number of species on the planet 1 of 47 Extinction The loss of species 2 of 47 Evolution The process by which new species are formed from pre-existing ones over very long periods of time 3 of 47 Adaptive Radiation The emergence of a new species from a common ancestor introduced into an environment 4 of 47 Taxonomy The branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life 5 of 47 Hierarchical A classification system based on ranking groups in ascending order from large groups to small groups 6 of 47 Taxom A level in the classification hierarchy consisting of a collection of organisms sharing some basic features 7 of 47 Species A group of similar organisms sharing some basic features 8 of 47 Phylogeny The evolutionary relationship between organisms 9 of 47 Exoskeleton A hard encasement on the exterior of an Arthropod that provides waterproofing, protection and points of attachment for muscles 10 of 47 Chordata The scientific name for vertebrates 11 of 47 Homologous Having a common origin but serve a different function 12 of 47 Pentadactyl Having five digits 13 of 47 Analogous Having the same function but a different origin 14 of 47 Convergent Evolution The tendency of unrelated organisms to acquire similar structures 15 of 47 Respiratory Surface The site of gaseous exchange 16 of 47 Metabolic Rate The rate at which energy is used up in the body 17 of 47 Metabolism The total chemical processes in the body 18 of 47 Operculum Gill cover 19 of 47 Inspiration Breathing in 20 of 47 Expiration Breathing out 21 of 47 Terrestrial Organism An organism that lives on land 22 of 47 Stoma (Plural Stomata) Pores located on the lower surface of a leaf, through which gases diffuse 23 of 47 Cuticle Waxy covering on a leaf which reduces water loss 24 of 47 ATP A compound important in the transfer of energy 25 of 47 Myogenic The heartbeat is initiated from within the muscle itself and is not due to nervous stimulation 26 of 47 Systole Stage in which the heart muscle contracts 27 of 47 Diastole Stage in which the heart muscle relaxes 28 of 47 Affinity One molecule having a chemical attraction for another 29 of 47 Partial Pressure (Of Oxygen (pO2)) Normal atmospheric pressure is 100kPa. As oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere, its maximum partial pressure is 21kPa 30 of 47 Bohr Effect At higher partial pressures of carbon dioxide, the more the curve shifts to the right 31 of 47 Tissue Fluid Plasma minus plasma proteins 32 of 47 Transpiration The evaporation of water from inside the leaves, through the stomata to the atmosphere 33 of 47 Endodermis A ring of cells surrounding the xylem tissue having an impermeable waterproof barrier through their cell walls 34 of 47 Root Pressure A force created at the base of the xylem vessel by the influx of water along a water potential gradient 35 of 47 Cohesion Water molecules tend to stick together 36 of 47 Adhesion The water molecules stick to the walls of the xylem 37 of 47 Capillarity The tendency for water to rise in narrow tubes 38 of 47 Clone A group of genetically identical offspring produced by asexual means 39 of 47 Diploid The full chromosome number of body cells 40 of 47 Haploid Half the chromosome number found in gametes 41 of 47 Fertilisation The fusion of male and female gametes with the formation of a fertilised egg or zygote 42 of 47 Zygote Fertilised egg 43 of 47 Larva (Nymph) The young or immature form of an adult insect 44 of 47 Metamorphosis A period of change from the larval stage to the adult 45 of 47 Peristalsis Waves of muscular contraction 46 of 47 Ruminant Herbivore with a stomach or rumen modified into four chambers 47 of 47
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