Decline since 1990's except baby booms after both wars
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Reasons
women now have better opportunities, education, paid work, easier access to divorce. Contraception is easier to get hold of. decline in infant mortality. economic liability. child centredness(adults focus more on their child)
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women are now going in to paid work, this makes which type of couples?
Dual earner couples, this goes against the traditional family as the expressive role is lost if both adults are the instrumental role
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benefits of this
dependency ratio goes down
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negatives
Jobs lost as, less schools, maternity sectors and child health sectors needed
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Death rate trends
remained stable in 1900's, increased during war and has fallen ever since
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reasons
improved nutrition, medical improvements - NHS development, clean air act, improved sewage, purer drink water, less overcrowded houses. life expectancy increase in 1900 was 50 for men 57 women now 77 men 81 women
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Ageing population trend?
Increasing
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why?
increase in life expectancy and decrease in infant mortality.
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effects
stress on NHS. lots of one person households (old women) dependency ratio increase. pressure on pension system.
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overcoming this?
policies such as increase working age by 2050 all will work until 68. encourage women to have children. encourage immigrants of working age
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Townsend says
we should stop stereotyping elderly, it's ageist. socially constructed ideas which aren't always true.
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Domestic violence
physical, psychological, sexual and financial violence within family relationships
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colemon says
women are more likely to experience this violence. 99% events are women committed by men.
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dobash and dobash say
men expect house work done, possessiveness and sexual jealousy causes this
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wilkinson says
domestic violence is a result of stress and inequality in society, people of lower wealth or social class more at risk.
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mirrlees
social groups most at risk, children, young people, lower social classes, low income, high level of alchol consumption, the use of drugs and those living in rented accommodation
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problems with statistics
not all women report, 35 attacks till a report on average. police try to stay out of it, they say women are free to leave. men may not report because embarrassed.
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yearnshire
found on average 35 attacks til a report
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Cheal
found police don't want to get involved in family issues
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Parsons role in the family
breadwinner role and expressive role
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Bott roles in family
segregated conjugal roles + joint conjugal roles, they share housework, child care and leisure time.
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young and wilmott believe in?
march of progress, slowly improving, joint conjugal roles are happening, soon symmetrical family will be in place.72% of men do labour at least once a week in the house
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oakley
only 15% of men have high participation in housework and 25% in childcare
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Crompton says
if earnings are equal so is labour
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silver and schon
housework decreased as housework has been commercialised and washing machines, dish washers etc can be used
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criticism of last point?
poor women can't afford them. remaining domestic tasks still done by women
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Dunne says
gender scripts, so hetrosexual relations won't change as there are expected norms.
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ferri and smith
little evidence of the new man. in a sample of 1000 they found only 4% of men took responsibility of child care
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Barret and mcintosh say what about decisions?
men usually make decisions of spending on important items.
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puhl and vogler
pooling and allowance idea.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Reasons
Back
women now have better opportunities, education, paid work, easier access to divorce. Contraception is easier to get hold of. decline in infant mortality. economic liability. child centredness(adults focus more on their child)
Card 3
Front
women are now going in to paid work, this makes which type of couples?
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