When a hormone in the brain sends a signal to the pituitary gland, which releases hormones that stimulate the ovaries in girls and the testes in boys to produce sex hormones.
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What is a growth spurt?
When a young persons height increases rapidly over a short period of time. common during puberty.
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The role of sex hormones in boys
Testosterone is producd in the testes. It stimulates growth of the penis and testes, pubic hair growth, the development of muscles and lowering of the voice.
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The role of sex hormones in girls
Oestrogen and progesterone are produced by ovaries. They stimulate growth of breasts and reproductive system and helps to regulate the mensrual cycle.
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Primary sexual characteristics definition
The processes tat are related to the sex organs that are present a birth adn mature whe sex hormones are released.
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Girls primary sexual characteristics
Menstruation begins, Uterus and vagina grow, ovulation occurs.
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Boys primary sexual characteristics
Penis enlarges, prospate gland produces secretions, testes enlarge and produce sperm.
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Secondary sexual characteristics definition
Not neccesarily for reproduction. Develop when sex hormones are released.
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Girls secondary sexual characteristics
Growth of pubic and armpit hair, increased layer of fat under the skin, Breasts enlarge, Growth spurt, Hips widen.
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Boys secondary sexual characteristics
Growth of facial hair, growth of armpit, chest and pubic hair, increased muscle, growth spurt, voice box grows causing voice to break and deepen.
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Early adulthood; physical maturation includes?
full heigh is reached, women at most fertile, sexual characteristics fully developed, physical strength, motor coordination, reaction time, and hand-eye-coordination all at their peak.
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Early adulthood; perimenipause
The end of a womens reproductive years, usually 40-45 years old.
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Early adulthood; perimenipause. What happens??
oestrogen decreases, ovulation is irregular, Menstruation becomes less frequent.
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Early adulthood; perimenipause. what does reduction in oestrogen lead to?
Hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings, loss of libido, vaginal dryness.
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Middle adulthood; signs of ageing
Greying hair. Loss of muscle tone, strengh and stamina. Body shape may change with increased/ lost weight. Men begin to loose hair. Woe no longer fertile as menstruation ends. Loss of height.
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Middle adulthood; menopause definition
A natural physiological change experienced by women during middle adulthood over many years with the gradual ending of menstruation.
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Role of femal sex hormones
Oestrogen- most important; regulates ovulation. Progesterone- Necessary fot the implantation of fertilised eggs in the uterus and the maintenence of pregnancy and sexual health.
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Later adulthood- Effects of ageing
Less elasticity in skin, less mobility in muscles, reduction in vision, reduction in hearing, thinning of hair, higher susceptability to disease, decline in organ performance.
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Later adulthood- Height loss
Start to loose height in middle adulthood, which continues into later life. Caused by the changes in posture and compression of the spinal disks and joints. Can loose 5cm by 80.
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Later adulthood- Intellectual ability
Ageing doesnt always impact on cognitive ability, but it can negatively effect how individuals process information. e.g. memory, recall, speed of thinking.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
When a hormone in the brain sends a signal to the pituitary gland, which releases hormones that stimulate the ovaries in girls and the testes in boys to produce sex hormones.
Back
When does puberty start?
Card 3
Front
When a young persons height increases rapidly over a short period of time. common during puberty.
Back
Card 4
Front
Testosterone is producd in the testes. It stimulates growth of the penis and testes, pubic hair growth, the development of muscles and lowering of the voice.
Back
Card 5
Front
Oestrogen and progesterone are produced by ovaries. They stimulate growth of breasts and reproductive system and helps to regulate the mensrual cycle.
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