Unit 1 Applied science

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  • Created by: Daniel
  • Created on: 05-12-19 09:47
similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ?
Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. They are complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms. They are simple structures and do not have a nucleus or a
1 of 14
State two functions of the Golgi apparatus
sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion. It is also involved in the transport of lipids, and the creation of lysosomes.
2 of 14
Name a few organelles found in a plant cell that is not present in an animal cell.
Plant cells do not have lysosomes or centrosomes.The plant cell does, however, have a cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids, and a central vacuole
3 of 14
Name the type of ribosome found in bacteria.
Bacterial ribosomes are composed of two subunits with sedimentation rates of 50S and 30S, as opposed to 60S and 40S in eukaryotic cells.
4 of 14
Explain how the ultrastructure of a bacterium capsule prevents dehydration.
Many bacterial cells secrete some extracellular material in the form of a capsule or a slime layer. Most capsules are hydrophilic (“water-loving”) and may help the bacterium avoid desiccation (dehydration) by preventing water loss.
5 of 14
Briefly explain how to carry out gram staining using your own words.
1)Applying a primary stain (crystal violet) to a heat-fixed smear of a bacterial culture. 2)The addition of iodide, which binds to crystal violet and traps it in the cell3)Rapid decolourization with ethanol or acetone4)Counterstaining with safranin.
6 of 14
Explain how the mid-piece of a human sperm cell is specialised to support the function of its tail.
The midpoint contains many mitochondria to supply the movement
7 of 14
A microbiologist measures an electron micrograph image of a bacterium to be 4.5 cm in length. The magnification used to view the bacterium was 22,500x. Calibrate the actual size of the bacterium. (I) = Image size (A) = Actual size x (M) = Magnificati
0.0002
8 of 14
How do the organelles in pancreatic cells work together to produce and release protein molecules from the cells?
1) Nucleus contains gene for protein and produces mRNA 2) Vesicles for transport of proteins 3) Golgi apparatus processes/packages proteins. 4) Ribosomes of protein synthesis/translation 5) vesicles fuse to cell surface/plasma membrane
9 of 14
Which organelle is the smallest in cells: nuclei, Ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes.
Ribosomes
10 of 14
Identify two features which would not be present in a prokaryotic cell?
Nucleus and golgi body/apparatus
11 of 14
Name one feature that would be present in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell that is not found in a eukaryotic cell.
Genetic material and 70s/smaller ribosomes
12 of 14
Oxygen enters red blood cells as they pass through the capillaries in the lungs. Name the mechanism by which oxygen enters the red blood cells.
Diffusion
13 of 14
The cells in the epidermis of a plant root are specialised to absorb minerals from the surrounding soil. State the process by which root epidermal cells absorb minerals from the soil and describe how these cells are specialised to achieve absorption.
3 of these: Active transport, cells have hairs, thin cell wall, large surface area, more mitochondria and carrier proteins in cell membrane.
14 of 14

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

State two functions of the Golgi apparatus

Back

sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion. It is also involved in the transport of lipids, and the creation of lysosomes.

Card 3

Front

Name a few organelles found in a plant cell that is not present in an animal cell.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name the type of ribosome found in bacteria.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain how the ultrastructure of a bacterium capsule prevents dehydration.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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