Observing, identifying with and copying the behaviour of a role model.
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Role model
A person who is looked up to and copied.
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Identification
A feeling of similarity with a role model that leads to imitation of their behaviour - we believe we can be like them.
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Vicarious reinforcement
Learning through the positive consequences of other people's actions rather than firsthand - we are more likely to copy if they are rewarded.
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Nature
What we are born with
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Nurture
What we learn from the way we are raised.
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Empathic listening
A way of listening to another person so that there is real understanding. It also involves responding in a way that shows you have listened.
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Watershed
When applied to tv programming it is the 9pm deadline before which programmes (including cable and satellite programmes) that contain certain levels of violence and/or sex cannot be broadcast.
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Censorship
Preventing information from being circulated in some way.
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Moral censorship
Deciding what material is suitable for broadcasting or publishing and what material is not considered moral or suitable.
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Authoritarian
A style of government where society's members have little input and have to accept the government's decisions.
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Paternalistic
A style of government where decisions are made for the good of everyone else. This rests on the idea of the head of the household knowing what is best for everybody else in the household
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Phobia
An intense fear that prevents 'normal living' in some way
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Association
The link between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus that makes the neutral stimulus cause the same response
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Generalisation
When a conditioned response is produced to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
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Classical conditioning
Also called Pavlovian conditioning, a learning process which builds up an association between two stimuli through repeated pairings
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Extinction
The loss of a classically conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeated many times without the unconditioned stimulus.
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Preparedness
The tendency to learn some associations more easily, quickly and permanently than others.
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Hierarchy of fears
A list of fears that are arranged from most to least feared.
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Collectivist
Describes a culture that encourages group dependence, cooperation and group identity, e.g. Japan. People rely on each other to achieve together.
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Individualistic
Describes a culture that encourages independence,personal achievement, competition and individuality, e.g. the USA
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Social norm
A behaviour or belief that is expected and accepted in a particular culture.
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Longitudinal study
Research that takes place over a long period of time. It is used to track changes in behaviour of the same children (or subjects) over a long period of time. However, it can be very time consuming and participants may drop out of the study.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
An area of the brain involved in emotion.
Back
Limbic system
Card 3
Front
The process of learning from watching others.
Back
Card 4
Front
Observing, identifying with and copying the behaviour of a role model.
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