Traditonal arguments for God, Religious language/experiences and Good and Evil part 1

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  • Created by: kdog101
  • Created on: 25-01-23 15:02
What type of Argument is Design by whom?
Inductive (reason to seek truth), a posteriori (from senses/experiences)by Paley and example of natural theology
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What are Paley's promises?
Observation, Regularity, Purpose, Complexity
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What else did he say?
Evil allows bringing of good (purpose) and he refers to religious scripture.
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Paleys Analogy
Watch maker
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What did Hume say?
Paley's analogy undermines Gods divinity
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Strengths
God as a designer is simple, Need evil for good to exist, Designer is metaphysical and transcendent
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Weaknesses
Evil is an argument against omnipotents and omnibenevolences, we have no universe making experience
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What is cosmological argument and by whom?
Inductive, Posteriori, by Aquinas which translates to blueprint (cosmos, logos)
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Aquinas' 3 ways
Motion, efficient cause, contingency and necessity
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What did he say about God?
Uncaused cause, no infinite regression
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Leibniz what was his principle did he agree with Aquinas?
Agrees, principle of sufficient reason- Haven't found reason for the universe within, so must be without.
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what did Hume and Russell say?
both say statements about existence are synthetic, not analytic. Russell says good is by chance (metaphysical) universe is contingent e.g. matter
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Strengths
Simple, logical, we require full explanations
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Weaknesses
Why do we need an explanation, cant assume everything has a cause until we have experienced everything, inconsistent notion of necessary being (uncaused cause)
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Augustine theodicy
Sin entered the world from Adam and Eve, we all share it in nature, absence of good, consequence of human action God is just in not stopping it
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Augustine how did he define evil?
Privation, something lacking what it should have
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Strengths
Values free will, appeals to conservative beliefs of creation and the fall.
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Weaknesses
Is it just and loving for God to punish all, Inconsistent Triad (evil exists, God is omnipotent and omnibenevolent), Jesus couldn't control human nature
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Irenaeus theodicy
suffering leads to growth, God allows evil so we become his likeness, evil is necessity to appreciate good
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Strengths
Evil already exists giving action value
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Weaknesses
Suggest everyone goes to Heaven, Challenge isn't always good, some suffer more
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Free will Defence
Natural evil gives physical suffering then mentally, Natural and moral evil combine to cause suffering, God gave up control for greater good, Evil needed for free will
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First order goods
e.g. happiness can also be reduced to first order evil like sympathy or enhanced with spite
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Alin Platinga
No Evil= no value and cant think evil, God didn't rid evil due to limited power, and not compatible with free will if he did rid evil.
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Strenghts
God is justified to allow evil to teach us morale responsibility
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Weaknesses
Maddie's rejection- Logically possible to only make freely picked good choices- This then questions Gods power, love, existence
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Hicks soul making theodicy
Epistemic distance (from knowledge) in order to not be overwhelmed by God, Hell is abhorrent as God is all-loving, we freely choose god and evil is not absence of good otherwise there would nothing to overcome.
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Strengths
Evil is matter of degree remove the holocaust and the next worse evil is now worse, The more more morale evil removed the less morale freedom we have.
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Weaknesses
Doesn't justify animal suffering, Pain needs to exist to warn of danger, doesn't justify the extent of evil in the world.
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Process theology- Alfred North
God is growing/changing, mistranslation god did not call the universe to existence he created order from chaos
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Process theology- Griffin
Rejects gods omnipotence, idea God created from nothing implies unlimited power, instead the universe objects had power which opposed God meaning evil is not of God but the Universe. God is panentheistic- the universe is within him/ he is its soul
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are Paley's promises?

Back

Observation, Regularity, Purpose, Complexity

Card 3

Front

What else did he say?

Back

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Card 4

Front

Paleys Analogy

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did Hume say?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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