Philosophy year 12 0.0 / 5 ? Philosophyyear 12 stuffA2/A-levelOCR Created by: ellie.hareCreated on: 09-05-19 18:05 Forms A name Plato gave to ideal concepts. 1 of 34 Rationalist Someone who thinks that the primary source of knowledge is reason. 2 of 34 Dualism The belief that reality can be divided into two distinct parts, such as good and evil or physical and non-physical. 3 of 34 Empiricist Someone who thinks that the primary source of knowledge is gained through the senses. 4 of 34 Aetion An explanatory factor, a reason or cause for something. 5 of 34 Telos The end or purpose of something. 6 of 34 Soul Often, but not always, understood to be the non-physical essence of a person. 7 of 34 Consciousness Awareness or perception. 8 of 34 Substance dualism The belief that the mind and body both exist as two distinct and separate entities/realities. 9 of 34 Scepticism A questioning approach which does not take assumptions for granted. 10 of 34 Reductive materialism The view that mental events are identical with physical occurrences in the brain. 11 of 34 Category error/mistake A problem of language that arises when things are talked about as if they belong to one category, when in fact they belong to another. 12 of 34 A posteriori arguments Arguments which draw conclusions based on observation through experience. 13 of 34 A priori arguments Arguments which draw conclusions through the use of reason. 14 of 34 Teleological Looking to the end results (telos) in order to draw conclusions about what is right or wrong. 15 of 34 Cosmological To do with the universe. The explanation for the universe is existing is the fact that the universe exists. 16 of 34 Natural theology Drawing conclusions about the nature and activity of God by using reason and observing the world. 17 of 34 Principle of sufficient reason The principle that everything must have a reason to explain it. 18 of 34 Necessary existence Existence which does not depend on anything else. 19 of 34 Ontological To do with the nature of existence. 20 of 34 Contingent Something that depends on other things. 21 of 34 Predicate A term which describes a distinctive characteristic of something. 22 of 34 Mystical experience Experiences of God or the supernatural which go beyond everyday sense experience. 23 of 34 Numinous experience An indescribable experience which invokes feelings of awe, worship and fascination. 24 of 34 Conversion experience An experience which produces a radical change in someone's belief system. 25 of 34 Corporate religious experience A religious experience which happens to a group of people 'as a body'. 26 of 34 Theodicy An attempt to justify God in the face of evil in the world. 27 of 34 Natural evil Evil and suffering caused by non-human agencies. 28 of 34 Moral evil The evil done and the suffering caused by deliberate misuse of human free will. 29 of 34 Privatio boni A phrase used by Augustine to mean an absence of goodness. 30 of 34 Omnipotent All-powerful. 31 of 34 Omniscient All-knowing. 32 of 34 Omnibenevolent All-good and all-loving. 33 of 34 Epistemic distance A distance in knowledge and understanding. 34 of 34
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