The variation of individuals within a species and the variation between species.
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What is genetic diversity?
The variation in genotypes (combination of alleles) within a population. The greater the variety of genotypes the more genetically diverse the population is.
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How do organisms become genetically diverse?
It comes from meiosis (independent assortment and crossing over) or mutations (the adding of more alleles to the gene pool).
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How can you measure biodiversity?
Finding out the species richness and species evenness.
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What is species richness?
The number of species present in a given habitat.
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What is species eveness?
A community in which most have similar abundances are said to have a high species eveness. (The number individuals within a species).
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What does endemic mean?
When a species is known or found in that area.
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How do you measure genetic diversity within a species?
DNA sequencing to determine the bases in a segment DNA to determine which alleles are present or gel electrophoresis, different alleles can be identified as they can produce fragments of different lengths.
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What does the Hardy Weinberg equation show?
It can be used to see if there is a change in allele frequency overtime.
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What does pq, p^2 and q^2 stand for in the Hardy Weinberg equation?
The heterzygous genotype, homozygous dominant geotype, homozygous recessive genotype.
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What did Woese's do?
He aimed to define the evolutionary relationships prokaryotes he did this by creating three domains based in the differences of the organisms DNA and or RNA.
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What did Woese's find out
Previously organisms were divided into the eukaryota and prokaryotae domain but after he used molecular phylogeny he discovered two domains within prokaryota known as bacteria and archaea.
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What was significant about archaea?
Archaea are thought to be related to the earliest life forms, before oxygen existed in the atmosphere, they survive in extreme environments e.g. hot springs and salty lakes.
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What is molecular phylogeny?
Comparing sequences of bases in DNA/ amino acids in proteins, the more similarities in common the more closely related the subspecies.
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What is taxonomy?
Placing organisms into groups based on shared features (can also be called classification).
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What is a taxonomic hierarchy?
A series of nested groups or taxa (taxon) on which the members share one or more common features or homologies.
Multicellular eukaryotes that are heterotrophs (organisms that gain organic molecules (organisms that make their own organic molecules by photosynthesis).
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What is the fungi kingdom?
Multicellular eukaryotes that are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from decaying matter after external digestion.
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What is the protocista kingdom?
Eukaryotes that photosynthesis or feed on dead organic matter from other sources but are not included in the other kingdoms (e.g. single celled protozoa such as an amoeba, paramecium and algae).
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What is a prokaryotae kingdom?
Prokayotic organisms; includes bacteria and blue green bacteria (cyanobacteria).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is genetic diversity?
Back
The variation in genotypes (combination of alleles) within a population. The greater the variety of genotypes the more genetically diverse the population is.
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