Topic 1: The Response to Apartheid 1948-1959

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  • Created by: Finndoood
  • Created on: 13-02-18 19:22
What year were Africans disenfranchised from voting in South Africa?
1936
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What did Britain do to politically isolate non-whites?
In 1910, Britain made it so that whites did not have to share power with the native Africans
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How many white South Africans served in the army in WW2?
Around 180,000
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How did the National Party appeal to working class white people?
Oorstrooming (black flooding into cities), "poor white problem", plight of returning soldiers
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What percentage of the land did white people own? (Agriculture)
Around 80%
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What was the term given to the racial authority on the farms?
Baaskap
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What act protected rural African communities?
Native Lands Act (1913), Trust and Land Act (1936)
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What were the two leading political parties in South Africa?
United Party (Smuts & Hertzog) & National Party (Milan)
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What percentage of whites in South Africa were British?
40% or around 1 million
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What types of English sport became popular in South Africa?
Cricket, Rugby, Football
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What was the name of the fascist sympathiser group in South Africa during WW2?
Ossewabrandwag (Ox Wagon Guard) who had 300,000 members during WW2
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What was the name of the National Party's racial propaganda?
Swart Gevaar (Black Danger!)
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How many seats did the National party win in 1948?
79 Seats
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Why was the number of seats the National Party won important?
South Africa had the Westminster Constituency System
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When did India become Independant?
1947
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When was gold discovered in the "rand" area in Transvaal?
1800s
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When did the German, Dutch and Swedish arrive in South Africa?
1600s
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When was the Second Boer War?
1899-1901
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When was the ANC Woman's League Formed?
1948
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How did the Nationalists deal with the "coloured vote" problem?
Passed the Seperate Representation of Voters Act (1951) which removed the remaining coloured vote
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How many votes did the National Party win in the 1953 elections?
600,000
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Name an early Apartheid law
Mixed Marriage Act (1949), Immorality Act (1950), Population Registration Act (1950), Group Areas Act (1950)
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What was the punishment for intercourse between different races?
6 months hard labour
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Under the Population Registration Act (1950), what racial categories was everyone placed in?
Coloured, White, Native
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Name the first township to be closed down to make room for whites
Sophiatown (1950-1956)
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How many placed were displaced when District Six was closed down?
60,000
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What years did Verwoerd serve as Minister of Native Affairs?
1950-1958
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What was the role of the Bantu Education Act?
Control education of black people: taught about their position in society, taught in their language so they couldn't intergrate
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Name a petty Apartheid law
Urban Areas Act (1952), Native Abolition of Passes Act (1952), Reservation of Seperate Amenities Act (1953)
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What was the Urban Areas Act?
Gave urban rights to a minority of Africans who had lived in a town for 15 years, or been born there
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What conservative think-tank worked alongside Tomlinson?
SABRA (South African Bureau of Racial Affairs)
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When was the Tomlinson report published?
1955
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What did the Tomlinson report suggest?
Massive state investment (£100m), relocate a portion of black families off land, encourage private investment from businesses
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What policy did Verwoerd pursue instead?
Betterment
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How many individuals of the Congress Alliance were arrested during the Treason Trial in 1956?
156 members
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How long did the trial last?
5 years (1956-1961)
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What year was the ANC created?
1912
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What was the difference between the ANC and the ANC Youth League?
Youth League was more militant and radical, encouraged activism rather than political lobbying
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When did the ANC launch their Programme of Action?
1949
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When was the Communist Party banned?
1950
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When did the Defiance Campaign emerge?
1952
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Where was the key areas these campaigns launched?
Durban, East London, Johannesburg
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Who was the leader of the ANC before Walter Luthuli?
Dr. Xhuma
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When was the Pan Africanist Congress established?
1959
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What was key about the Defiance Campaign?
It showed a move away from moderation to civil disobedience
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What happened on the May Day demonstration in 1950?
Around 50% of the African workforce stayed at home, 18 were killed and around 38 injured
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Who organised the May Day demonstrations?
CNETU (Congress of Non-European Trade Unions)
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When the ANC boycotted Apartheid goods, which market was hit particularly bad?
The potato market
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Why was the Defiance Campaign significant?
Increased membership from 4,000 to 10,000
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What did the Department of Native Affairs try to do to Sekhukuneland?
Turn it into a homeland
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Was the protests from the rural natives violent?
Yes, 9 "government collaborators" were stabbed, beaten or burnt out of their homes
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What was the name of Sobukwe's newsletter?
The Africanist
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Who did the ANC ally themselves with to form the Congress Alliance?
South African Indian Congress (SAIC), South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU)
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When was the ANC Women's League created?
1948
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Why was the stayaway from school programme launched by the ANC?
In reaction to the Bantu Education Act (1952)
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What was a key part of the school stayaways in 1955?
Cultural clubs that taught native children of their heritage and traditions
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How many delegates came to form the Freedom Charter?
3,000
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What did Sekhukuneland call their organisation?
Sebatakgomo (lion amongst cattle)
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What was the motto of the PAC?
Africa for Africans
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Card 2

Front

What did Britain do to politically isolate non-whites?

Back

In 1910, Britain made it so that whites did not have to share power with the native Africans

Card 3

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How many white South Africans served in the army in WW2?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How did the National Party appeal to working class white people?

Back

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Card 5

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What percentage of the land did white people own? (Agriculture)

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