Developing Apartheid: Part II

FURTHER RADICALISATION OF OPPOSITION GROUPS:

• State of emergency imposed

• PAC and ANC made illegal

• Removed voices for south africans

• 10,000 people, including Nelson Mandela, were arrested

• Protesting against apartheid made illegal

• Militant methodologies acquired

• Clear move towards militancy

• Attempted assassinaton of Verwoerd (prime minister)

CONTINUED GOVERNMENT REPRESSION:

• Sabotage Act 1962 (death penalty for acts of sabotage)

• General Laws Amendment Act 1963 (allowed authorities to arrest anyone for 90 days without charges)

• Sobukwe Clause (security forces could keep people in prison for longer than their sentences)

• Bantu Laws Amendment Act 1964 (authorities could deport any african from any urban city or white farming area for any reason

RISING EMIGRATION AND ECONOMIC TURMOIL:

• Emigration figures rose above that of immigration figures

• UK (5,000 in 1962 left for the UK)

• Falling share prices

• Net outflow of currencies

• Foreign reserves fell from 312 million to 153 million

• Rising inflation

• Increase in cost of living

• Increase in poverty levels

THE ‘WINDS OF CHANGE’ SPEECH:

Harold MacMillan’s speech on changing international situation in 1960 and decolonisation movement:

• Self-determination

• Emergence of nationalism

• Empires are shrinking

• Asian and African communities are wanting to become their own states

• Anxiety as…