The rise of Europe and the state (104)

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  • Created by: Annagc
  • Created on: 26-04-21 11:12
How did Weber define the state?
The sole source of legitimate use of violence in society
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Wight (2015) features of the state
Fixed territorial boundaries, monopoly on force and coercion, a sovereign political order embedded in structured hierarchical relationships, legitimacy to represent needs of citizens
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Definition of a nation?
Groups of people who share the same language, history, culture etc
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Phelps (2006) definition of capitalism (paraphrased)
a private ownership system marked by openness to new commercial ideas and the personal knowledge of entrepreneurs
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The first phase of capitalism
The laissez-faire period (19th-early 20th century) UK led
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The second phrase of capitalism
Embedded liberalism (1945-1970s) Bretton Woods system, US led
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The third phase of capitalism
Neoliberalism (1970s-present) Pax Americana continues with other states rising more recently
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What did the Peace of Ausberg 1555 establish?
The right of the Princes of the Holy Roman Empire to decide the religion of their subjects
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What ended the thirty years war?
the Peace of Westphalia (1648)
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What is the Peace of Westphalia attributed to establishing (besides peace)?
Sovereign states
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What is Teschke's (2003) alternative Marxist argument to the impact of the PofW ?
States continued feudalism, religious and dynastic considerations. Modernity only began in 18th century UK with success of capitalist class
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How does Schwarz (2019) view the rise of the state?
An accident, states aimed to be empires but couldn't establish itself in Europe
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What does Schwarz (2019) pin European state building on?
Lawyers, guns, money and god
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The Renaissance
Began in Italy, political thought started separating itself from the control of the Church
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The Enlightenment
17th and 18th centuries, science developed and emancipation from the limitations of religion, emergence of universalist notions such as equality of rights
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The Industrial revolution
Started in UK in 18th century, shift away from feudalism towards urban societies, machines producing high quality goods more efficiently
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How did Europe take over much of the world?
Super weapons technology, stronger economic bases, very adept at mobilising resources, suitable for agriculture and transport, disease resistance
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Most significant European attempt to become a hegemonic state
France after 1789, Napoleon Bonaparte led France to many victories (defeated at Waterloo)
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What aided Britain in the Pax Britannia phase after Waterloo ?
Island status, technological and financial lead and large navy
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What does Waltz's TIP (1979) argue about the theory of states?
Their behaviour is the result of the structure of the system (anarchic), states are forced to self help
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What is the main tendency of of the system in international politics according to Waltz's (1979)
Balance of power (roughly equal distribution of power between states in order to survive)
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What is the other possible strategy? (Waltz)
Bandwagoning
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What were the two main alliances during the 20th century?
the Triple Entente and Central Powers
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What is power transition theory?
' a great power in a secondary position challenges the top nations and allies for control' (Organski 1958)
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Why do liberals feel that measures such as the Smoot-Hawley tariff negatively affected peace?
Economic interdependence is important to generate peace
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What does Vasquez (1996) argue are the two pathways to war?
power politics to resolve territorial disputes and more actors being included in the conflict
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What is the Bretton-Woods system?
A collective international currency exchange regime (lasted from 1944-70s)
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How did neoliberalism expect the Cold War to end?
Violence (rather than the peaceful systematic transformation that happened) Ned Lebow 1994
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How did realists view the end of the Cold War?
As a long peace (only really applies to the great powers)
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What did constructivists (Koslowski and Kratochwil 1995) argue ended the Cold War?
Gorbachev's new thinking and end of Brezhnev doctrine changed the conventions of international system
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What was Halliday's marxist-inspired explanation of the end of the Cold War?
capitalism had proven superior and the USSR had to face its weaknesses
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What was Doyle's (1995) liberal explanation for the end of the Cold War?
pressure from dissident groups in Eastern Europe and decision from the top under the strain of Cold War competition
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What is the modernisation theory of the emergence of states?
Economic, political (state elites modernising the population) and cultural (literacy, segmentation and global diffusion)
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What is the world polity theory to the emergence of states?
Nation states are part of a world culture that elites and challengers had to adopt for legitimacy and the nation-state as the legitimate form of statehood (Meyer et al 1997)
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What is Wimmer and Feinstein's (2010) historical institutionalism theory to the emergence of states?
nation-state emerges when a power shift allows nationalists to overthrow or absorb the established regime.
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Card 2

Front

Wight (2015) features of the state

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Fixed territorial boundaries, monopoly on force and coercion, a sovereign political order embedded in structured hierarchical relationships, legitimacy to represent needs of citizens

Card 3

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Definition of a nation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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Phelps (2006) definition of capitalism (paraphrased)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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The first phase of capitalism

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Preview of the front of card 5
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