The Nile Valley, 1882-98

The Problem of the Ottoman Empire

Captured Egypt in 1517. 19thC, Ottoman Empire in decline which worried the British until its collapse in WW1. French, Russia and Austria-Hungary looking to expand.
Completion of Suez Canal in 1869 opened a new trade route to India.
Khedives in Egypt had

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The Problem of the Ottoman Empire: Dual Control

Britain and France establish a system of financial control. Forced Khedive Ismail Pasha to introduce stringent financial reforms, for example cutting the pay of the army and introducing sales taxes on food and good to increase revenue. The interest Egypti

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Arabi Pasha and the Development of Egyptian Nationalism

Nationalist officer in the Egyptian army who led a group of army officers in protest against Tewfik and Anglo-French interference. Egyptian Nationalisation Party 1879. Appealed to bourgeoisie and peasants, referring to himself as one of the fellahin. Coup

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Protecting European Loans and People
Strategic

The Suez Canal opened up a route to India. 80 percent of shipping that travelled through the canal was carried on British ships. The canals main share holders were the French and in 1875 Disraeli purchased the remaining 45 percent of shares from the bankr

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Protecting European Loans and People
Trade

The Egyptians provided an important and growing market for British exports during modernisation under the Khedive. By 1880, Britain purchased 80 percent of Egypt's exports and supplied 44 percent of Egypt's imports. The American Civil War led to the Briti

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Protecting European Loans and People
Financial